Cameron McCormackurn:uuid:69b253d4-36d3-4ffa-9f16-46c2f9be32372020-07-13T15:18:11+10:00Cross-language homonyms between English and Chinesetag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2020/07/homoyin2020-07-13T15:18:11+10:00
<h1>Cross-language homonyms between English and Chinese</h1>
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<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese">The Chinese language</a> has
many different systems for
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration_of_Chinese">phonetic
transcription</a> and which one to use is mostly a function of which
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese">variety of
Chinese</a> you are using, which country you are in, and when you learned it.
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>,
the variety that is an official language of the People’s Republic of China, as
well as (with small variations) Taiwan and Singapore, and which English speakers
coloquially call “Mandarin”, has
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Chinese_transcription_systems">at
least ten different systems of transcription</a>. Almost all of these, aside from
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo">Zhuyin (注音)</a> as used in Taiwan,
are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese">Romanizations</a>,
which use the Latin script. The most widely used Romanization today is
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin">Pinyin (拼音)</a>.</p>
<p>Like all varieties of Chinese, Standard Chinese is tonal. Pinyin uses
diacritics over vowels to represent the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology#Tones">four
main tones</a> of the language, for example:</p>
<table>
<tr><th>Tone #<th>Example<th>Tone contour<th>Could mean
<tr><td>1<td>[yīn]<td>high flat tone<td>音 (sound)
<tr><td>2<td>[yín]<td>rising tone<td>銀 (silver)
<tr><td>3<td>[yǐn]<td>low tone<td>飲 (drink)
<tr><td>4<td>[yìn]<td>falling tone<td>印 (print)
</table>
<p>When I’m reading English, I can’t help but look at some words – like
“jingling” or “dangling” – and read them as if they were Chinese words written
in Pinyin without the tone marks! Most English words that look like valid,
toneless Pinyin are nonsense, but those two examples do correspond to real
Chinese words: jīnglíng (精靈, a fairy) and dānglìng (當令, seasonal).</p>
<p>How many other English words have homonyms in Pinyin? I wrote a script
<a href="https://github.com/heycam/homoyin/" title="homonym + 諧音">homoyin</a>
to find out, which used:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/hao520">Chi-Hao Tsai</a>’s
<a href="http://research.chtsai.org/papers/pinyin-xref.html">list of valid
Pinyin syllables</a></li>
<li>the
<a href="https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict">CC-CEDICT
Chinese-to-English dictionary</a></li>
<li>the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_(Unix)">words</a> file
on my machine</li>
</ul>
<p>This revealed a total of <b>221 English words</b> that could be read as a
toneless, Pinyin word that is a phonetic spelling of a valid Chinese word or
name. Some of them are loanwords from English, and so mean the same thing.
Some words have many possible corresponding Chinese words, especially the single
syllable ones. The results:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/2020/en-pinyin-homonyms.txt">en-pinyin-homonyms.txt</a>,
reproduced in the table below</li>
<li><a href="/2020/en-pinyin-nonsense.txt">en-pinyin-nonsense.txt</a>,
which lists all English words that can be segmented into valid Pinyin, but
which don’t correspond to a real Chinese word</li>
</ul>
<p>There are some fun ones:</p>
<ul>
<li>emo → è mó → 惡魔 (demon, a good look for an emo)
<li>gong → gōng → 功 (meritorious deed or service, for which one could “get a
gong”)
<li>gun → gùn → 棍 (a truncheon, a different kind of weapon)
<li>lie → liè → 劦 (unending exertion, which may be needed depending on the
complexity of the lie)
<li>mocha → mǒ chá → 抹茶 (green tea, a different kind of drink)
</ul>
<p>The full list could be useful for cross-language punning!</p>
<hr>
<div>
<label for=full>Show all definitions: </label><input id=full type=checkbox>
<table id=results>
<thead>
<tr><th>English<th>Pinyin<th colspan=2>Could mean
<tbody>
<tr class=selected><td>a<td>[a]<td>啊<td>interjection or grunt of agreement
<tr><td>a<td>[ā]<td>吖<td>phonetic a, similar to 呵/-azine, see 吖嗪
<tr><td><td>[ā]<td>啊<td>interjection of surprise/Ah!/Oh!
<tr><td><td>[á]<td>啊<td>interjection expressing doubt or requiring answer/Eh?/what?
<tr><td><td>[ǎ]<td>啊<td>interjection of surprise or doubt/Eh?/My!/what's up?
<tr><td><td>[à]<td>啊<td>interjection or grunt of agreement/uhm/Ah, OK/expression of recognition/Oh, it's you!
<tr><td><td>[a]<td>啊<td>modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent
<tr><td><td>[ā]<td>錒<td>actinium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[ā]<td>阿<td>abbr. for Afghanistan 阿富汗
<tr><td><td>[ā]<td>阿<td>prefix used before monosyllabic names, kinship terms etc to indicate familiarity/used in transliteration
<tr class=selected><td>age<td>[a ge]<td>阿哥<td>(familiar) elder brother
<tr><td>age<td>[ā gē]<td>阿哥<td>(familiar) elder brother
<tr class=selected><td>aide<td>[ai de]<td>埃德<td>Ed (name - Eduard)
<tr><td>aide<td>[āi dé]<td>埃德<td>Ed (name - Eduard)
<tr><td><td>[ài dé]<td>愛德<td>Aide (brand)
<tr class=selected><td>aiming<td>[ai ming]<td>哀鳴<td>(of animals, the wind etc) to make a mournful sound
<tr><td>aiming<td>[āi míng]<td>哀鳴<td>(of animals, the wind etc) to make a mournful sound/whine/moan/wail
<tr class=selected><td>amen<td>[a men]<td>阿們<td>amen (loanword)
<tr><td>amen<td>[ā men]<td>阿們<td>amen (loanword)
<tr><td><td>[ā mén]<td>阿門<td>amen (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>an<td>[an]<td>安<td>calm
<tr><td>an<td>[ǎn]<td>俺<td>I (northern dialects)
<tr><td><td>[ǎn]<td>唵<td>(interjection) oh!/(dialect) to stuff sth in one's mouth/(used in buddhist transliterations) om
<tr><td><td>[án]<td>啽<td>to speak (Cantonese)
<tr><td><td>[ǎn]<td>埯<td>hole in the ground to plant seeds in/to make a hole for seeds/to dibble
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>媕<td>undecided
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>安<td>surname An
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>安<td>content/calm/still/quiet/safe/secure/in good health/to find a place for/to install/to fix/to fit/to bring (a charge against sb)/to pacify/to harbor (good intentions)/security/safety/peace/ampere
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>岸<td>bank/shore/beach/coast
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>庵<td>hut/small temple/nunnery
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>按<td>to press/to push/to leave aside or shelve/to control/to restrain/to keep one's hand on/to check or refer to/according to/in the light of/(of an editor or author) to make a comment
<tr><td><td>[ǎn]<td>揞<td>to apply (medicinal powder to a wound)/to cover up/to conceal
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>暗<td>dark/gloomy/hidden/secret/muddled/obscure/in the dark
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>案<td>(legal) case/incident/record/file/table
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>桉<td>Eucalyptus globulus
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>氨<td>ammonia
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>犴<td>jail
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>盦<td>container
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>胺<td>amine
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>萻<td>small Buddhist temple
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>諳<td>to be versed in/to know well
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>豻<td>jail
<tr><td><td>[ǎn]<td>銨<td>ammonium
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>闇<td>to close (a door)/to eclipse/muddled/stupid/ignorant
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>鞍<td>saddle
<tr><td><td>[ān]<td>鵪<td>quail
<tr><td><td>[àn]<td>黯<td>deep black/dark/dull (color)
<tr class=selected><td>baa<td>[ba a]<td>巴阿<td>Pakistan-Afghan
<tr><td>baa<td>[bā ā]<td>巴阿<td>Pakistan-Afghan
<tr class=selected><td>bade<td>[ba de]<td>八德<td>Bade or Pate city in Taoyuan county 桃園縣, north Taiwan
<tr><td>bade<td>[bā dé]<td>八德<td>Bade or Pate city in Taoyuan county 桃園縣, north Taiwan
<tr class=selected><td>bailing<td>[bai ling]<td>白領<td>white-collar
<tr><td>bailing<td>[bái lǐng]<td>白領<td>white-collar/white-collar worker
<tr><td><td>[bǎi líng]<td>百靈<td>lark/Eremophila alpestris
<tr class=selected><td>baiting<td>[bai ting]<td>白廳<td>Whitehall
<tr><td>baiting<td>[bái tīng]<td>白廳<td>Whitehall
<tr class=selected><td>baize<td>[bai ze]<td>白澤<td>Bai Ze or White Marsh, legendary creature of ancient China
<tr><td>baize<td>[bái zé]<td>白澤<td>Bai Ze or White Marsh, legendary creature of ancient China
<tr class=selected><td>bake<td>[ba ke]<td>罷課<td>student strike
<tr><td>bake<td>[bà kè]<td>罷課<td>student strike/to boycott classes
<tr class=selected><td>bale<td>[ba le]<td>芭樂<td>guava (loanword from Taiwanese)
<tr><td>bale<td>[bà le]<td>罷了<td>a modal particle indicating (that's all, only, nothing much)
<tr><td><td>[bā lè]<td>芭樂<td>guava (loanword from Taiwanese)
<tr class=selected><td>baling<td>[ba ling]<td>霸凌<td>bullying (loanword)
<tr><td>baling<td>[bà líng]<td>霸凌<td>bullying (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>ban<td>[ban]<td>半<td>half
<tr><td>ban<td>[bàn]<td>伴<td>partner/companion/comrade/associate/to accompany
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>半<td>half/semi-/incomplete/(after a number) and a half
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>姅<td>menstruation
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>扮<td>to disguise oneself as/to dress up/to play (a role)/to put on (an expression)
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>扳<td>to pull/to turn (sth) around/to turn around (a situation)/to recoup
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>拌<td>to mix/to mix in/to toss (a salad)
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>搬<td>to move (i.e. relocate oneself)/to move (sth relatively heavy or bulky)/to shift/to copy indiscriminately
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>斑<td>spot/colored patch/stripe/spotted/striped/variegated
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>斒<td>variegated/striped/marbled
<tr><td><td>[bǎn]<td>昄<td>great/expansive
<tr><td><td>[bǎn]<td>板<td>board/plank/plate/shutter/table tennis bat/clappers (music)/accented beat in Chinese music/hard/stiff/to stop smiling or look serious
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>湴<td>mud/slush/ooze
<tr><td><td>[bǎn]<td>版<td>a register/block of printing/edition/version/page
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>班<td>surname Ban
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>班<td>team/class/squad/work shift/ranking/classifier for groups
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>瓣<td>petal/segment/clove (of garlic)/piece/section/fragment/valve/lamella/classifier for pieces, segments etc
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>瘢<td>mark/scar on the skin
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>絆<td>to trip/to stumble/to hinder
<tr><td><td>[bǎn]<td>舨<td>sampan
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>般<td>sort/kind/class/way/manner
<tr><td><td>[bàn]<td>辦<td>to do/to manage/to handle/to go about/to run/to set up/to deal with
<tr><td><td>[bǎn]<td>鈑<td>metal plate/sheet of metal
<tr><td><td>[bǎn]<td>阪<td>slope/hillside
<tr><td><td>[bān]<td>頒<td>to promulgate/to send out/to issue/to grant or confer
<tr class=selected><td>bang<td>[bang]<td>幫<td>to help
<tr><td>bang<td>[bàng]<td>傍<td>near/approaching/to depend on/(slang) to have an intimate relationship with sb
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>塝<td>the edge/border of a field
<tr><td><td>[bāng]<td>幫<td>to help/to assist/to support/for sb (i.e. as a help)/hired (as worker)/side (of pail, boat etc)/outer layer/upper (of a shoe)/group/gang/clique/party/secret society
<tr><td><td>[bāng]<td>梆<td>watchman's rattle
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>棒<td>stick/club/cudgel/smart/capable/strong/wonderful/classifier for legs of a relay race
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>榜<td>to row/oar
<tr><td><td>[bǎng]<td>榜<td>notice or announcement/list of names/public roll of successful examinees
<tr><td><td>[bāng]<td>浜<td>stream/creek
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>磅<td>platform balance
<tr><td><td>[bǎng]<td>綁<td>to tie/bind or fasten together/to kidnap
<tr><td><td>[bǎng]<td>膀<td>upper arm/wing
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>膀<td>to flirt
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>艕<td>two boats fastened side by side
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>蒡<td>Arctium lappa/great burdock
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>蚌<td>mussel/clam
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>謗<td>to slander/to defame/to speak ill of
<tr><td><td>[bāng]<td>邦<td>country/nation/state
<tr><td><td>[bàng]<td>鎊<td>pound (sterling) (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>banyan<td>[ban yan]<td>板岩<td>slate
<tr><td>banyan<td>[bàn yǎn]<td>扮演<td>to play the role of/to act
<tr><td><td>[bān yán]<td>斑岩<td>porphyry (geology)
<tr><td><td>[bǎn yán]<td>板岩<td>slate
<tr><td><td>[bǎn yān]<td>板煙<td>plug (of tobacco)
<tr><td><td>[bǎn yǎn]<td>板眼<td>measure in traditional Chinese music/orderliness
<tr class=selected><td>bate<td>[ba te]<td>巴特<td>Barth or Barthes (name)
<tr><td>bate<td>[bā tè]<td>巴特<td>Barth or Barthes (name)/Roland Barthes (1915-1980), French critic and semiotician
<tr class=selected><td>baying<td>[ba ying]<td>拔營<td>to strike camp
<tr><td>baying<td>[bá yíng]<td>拔營<td>to strike camp
<tr class=selected><td>beige<td>[bei ge]<td>悲歌<td>sad melody
<tr><td>beige<td>[bēi gē]<td>悲歌<td>sad melody/stirring strains/elegy/dirge/threnody/sing with solemn fervor
<tr><td><td>[bēi gé]<td>杯葛<td>to boycott (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>bide<td>[bi de]<td>彼得<td>Peter (name)
<tr><td>bide<td>[bǐ dé]<td>彼得<td>Peter (name)
<tr class=selected><td>biding<td>[bi ding]<td>必定<td>to be sure to
<tr><td>biding<td>[bǐ dìng]<td>吡啶<td>pyridine C5H5N (loanword)
<tr><td><td>[bì dìng]<td>必定<td>to be bound to/to be sure to
<tr class=selected><td>bier<td>[bi er]<td>比爾<td>Bill (name)
<tr><td>bier<td>[bǐ ěr]<td>比爾<td>Bill (name)
<tr class=selected><td>bile<td>[bi le]<td>吡叻<td>Perak (state of Malaysia)
<tr><td>bile<td>[bǐ lè]<td>吡叻<td>Perak (state of Malaysia)
<tr class=selected><td>bin<td>[bin]<td>殯<td>to carry to burial
<tr><td>bin<td>[bīn]<td>儐<td>best man/to entertain
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>彬<td>ornamental/refined
<tr><td><td>[bìn]<td>擯<td>to reject/to expel/to discard/to exclude/to renounce
<tr><td><td>[bìn]<td>殯<td>a funeral/to encoffin a corpse/to carry to burial
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>浜<td>used in Japanese place names such as Yokohama 橫浜 with phonetic value hama
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>濱<td>shore/beach/coast/bank/to border on
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>瀕<td>to approach/to border on/near
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>繽<td>helter-skelter/mixed colors/in confusion
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>蠙<td>pearl-oyster
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>豳<td>name of an ancient county in Shaanxi
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>賓<td>visitor/guest/object (in grammar)
<tr><td><td>[bīn]<td>鑌<td>fine steel
<tr><td><td>[bìn]<td>髕<td>kneecapping/to cut or smash the kneecaps as corporal punishment
<tr><td><td>[bìn]<td>鬢<td>temples/hair on the temples
<tr class=selected><td>binge<td>[bin ge]<td>賓格<td>accusative case (grammar)
<tr><td>binge<td>[bīn gé]<td>賓格<td>accusative case (grammar)
<tr class=selected><td>bite<td>[bi te]<td>比特<td>bit (binary digit) (loanword)
<tr><td>bite<td>[bǐ tè]<td>比特<td>bit (binary digit) (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>biting<td>[bi ting]<td>筆挺<td>bolt upright
<tr><td>biting<td>[bǐ tǐng]<td>筆挺<td>(standing) very straight/straight as a ramrod/bolt upright/well-ironed/trim
<tr class=selected><td>bode<td>[bo de]<td>博得<td>to win
<tr><td>bode<td>[bó dé]<td>博得<td>to win/to gain
<tr><td><td>[bó dé]<td>博德<td>Bodø (city in Norway)
<tr><td><td>[bō dé]<td>波德<td>Johann Elert Bode (1747-1826), German astronomer
<tr class=selected><td>bole<td>[bo le]<td>伯樂<td>talent scout
<tr><td>bole<td>[bó lè]<td>伯樂<td>Bo Le (horse connoisseur during Spring and Autumn Period)/a good judge of talent/talent scout
<tr><td><td>[bó lè]<td>博樂<td>Börtala Shehiri, county level city in Börtala Mongol autonomous prefecture 博爾塔拉蒙古自治州, Xinjiang
<tr class=selected><td>bore<td>[bo re]<td>般若<td>wondrous knowledge
<tr><td>bore<td>[bō rě]<td>般若<td>Sanskrit prajña: wisdom/great wisdom/wondrous knowledge
<tr class=selected><td>boxing<td>[bo xing]<td>波形<td>wave form
<tr><td>boxing<td>[bó xīng]<td>勃興<td>to rise suddenly/to grow vigorously
<tr><td><td>[bó xīng]<td>博興<td>Boxing county in Binzhou 濱州, Shandong
<tr><td><td>[bō xíng]<td>波形<td>wave form
<tr><td><td>[bó xìng]<td>薄幸<td>fickle/inconstant person
<tr class=selected><td>bushier<td>[bu shi er]<td>布什爾<td>Bushehr Province of south Iran, bordering on the Persian Gulf
<tr><td>bushier<td>[bù shí ěr]<td>布什爾<td>Bushehr Province of south Iran, bordering on the Persian Gulf/Bushehr, port city, capital of Bushehr Province
<tr class=selected><td>can<td>[can]<td>慘<td>miserable
<tr><td>can<td>[cān]<td>參<td>to take part in/to participate/to join/to attend/to counsel/unequal/varied/irregular/uneven/not uniform/abbr. for 參議院 Senate, Upper House
<tr><td><td>[cǎn]<td>慘<td>miserable/wretched/cruel/inhuman/disastrous/tragic/dim/gloomy
<tr><td><td>[cán]<td>慚<td>ashamed
<tr><td><td>[cǎn]<td>憯<td>already/sorrowful
<tr><td><td>[cǎn]<td>朁<td>if, supposing, nevertheless
<tr><td><td>[cān]<td>歺<td>second-round simplified character for 餐
<tr><td><td>[cán]<td>殘<td>to destroy/to spoil/to ruin/to injure/cruel/oppressive/savage/brutal/incomplete/disabled/to remain/to survive/remnant/surplus
<tr><td><td>[càn]<td>燦<td>glorious/bright/brilliant/lustrous/resplendent
<tr><td><td>[càn]<td>璨<td>gem/luster of gem
<tr><td><td>[càn]<td>粲<td>beautiful/bright/splendid/smilingly
<tr><td><td>[cán]<td>蠶<td>silkworm
<tr><td><td>[cān]<td>餐<td>meal/to eat/classifier for meals
<tr><td><td>[cān]<td>驂<td>outside horses of a team of 4
<tr><td><td>[cǎn]<td>黲<td>dark/dim/gloomy/bleak
<tr class=selected><td>cancan<td>[can can]<td>璨璨<td>very bright
<tr><td>cancan<td>[càn càn]<td>璨璨<td>very bright
<tr class=selected><td>cane<td>[can e]<td>蠶蛾<td>Chinese silkworm moth (Bombyx mori)
<tr><td>cane<td>[cán é]<td>蠶蛾<td>Chinese silkworm moth (Bombyx mori)
<tr class=selected><td>canting<td>[can ting]<td>餐廳<td>restaurant
<tr><td>canting<td>[cān tīng]<td>餐廳<td>dining hall/dining room/restaurant
<tr class=selected><td>ceding<td>[ce ding]<td>測定<td>to survey and evaluate
<tr><td>ceding<td>[cè dìng]<td>測定<td>to survey and evaluate
<tr class=selected><td>change<td>[chang e]<td>嫦娥<td>Chang'e, the lady in the moon (Chinese mythology)
<tr><td>change<td>[cháng é]<td>嫦娥<td>Chang'e, the lady in the moon (Chinese mythology)/one of the Chang'e series of PRC lunar spacecraft
<tr class=selected><td>chase<td>[cha se]<td>茶色<td>dark brown
<tr><td>chase<td>[chá sè]<td>茶色<td>dark brown/tawny
<tr class=selected><td>chi<td>[chi]<td>吃<td>to eat
<tr><td>chi<td>[chǐ]<td>侈<td>extravagant/wasteful/exaggerating
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>傺<td>to detain/to hinder
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>匙<td>spoon
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>叱<td>to scold/shout at/to hoot at
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>吃<td>to eat/to consume/to eat at (a cafeteria etc)/to eradicate/to destroy/to absorb/to suffer
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>呎<td>foot (unit of length equal to 0.3048 m)/old form of modern 英尺
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>哧<td>(onom.) giggling/breathing/tearing of paper, ripping of fabric etc
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>啻<td>only (classical, usually follows negative or question words)/(not) just
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>嗤<td>laugh at/jeer/scoff at/sneer at
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>坻<td>islet/rock in river
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>墀<td>courtyard
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>媸<td>ugly woman
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>尺<td>a Chinese foot/one-third of a meter/a ruler/a tape-measure/one of the three acupoints for measuring pulse in Chinese medicine
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>弛<td>to unstring a bow/to slacken/to relax/to loosen
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>彽<td>go to and fro
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>恥<td>shame/disgrace
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>扡<td>drag along
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>抶<td>beat/flog
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>持<td>to hold/to grasp/to support/to maintain/to persevere/to manage/to run (i.e. administer)/to control
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>摛<td>to spread (fame)/wield (pen)
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>敇<td>Imperial command or edict
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>敕<td>imperial orders
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>斥<td>to blame/to reprove/to reprimand/to expel/to oust/to reconnoiter/(of territory) to expand/saline marsh
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>樆<td>manjack or cordia (genus Cordia)
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>欼<td>drink
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>池<td>surname Chi
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>池<td>pond/reservoir/moat
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>熾<td>to burn/to blaze/splendid/illustrious
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>瓻<td>large wine jar
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>痴<td>imbecile/sentimental/stupid/foolish/silly
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>眵<td>discharge (rheum) from the mucous membranes of the eyes
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>离<td>mythical beast (archaic)
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>笞<td>to whip with bamboo strips
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>箎<td>bamboo flute with 8 holes
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>篪<td>bamboo flute with 7 or 8 holes
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>絺<td>fine fibers of hemp/linen
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>翅<td>wing
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>茌<td>name of a district in Shandong
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>蚩<td>surname Chi
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>蚩<td>ignorant/worm
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>蚳<td>ant eggs
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>螭<td>dragon with horns not yet grown (in myth or heraldry)
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>褫<td>to strip/to deprive of/to discharge/to dismiss/to undress
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>誃<td>to separate
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>豉<td>salted fermented beans
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>赤<td>red/scarlet/bare/naked
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>跮<td>hasty walking
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>踅<td>walk with one leg
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>踟<td>hesitating/undecided/hesitant
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>遲<td>surname Chi
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>遲<td>late/delayed/slow
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>郗<td>surname Chi/name of an ancient city
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>飭<td>keep in order/stern/to order/direct
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>饎<td>food/to cook
<tr><td><td>[chí]<td>馳<td>to run fast/to speed/to gallop/to disseminate/to spread
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>魑<td>mountain demon
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>鴟<td>scops owl
<tr><td><td>[chì]<td>鶒<td>a kind of water bird
<tr><td><td>[chī]<td>黐<td>birdlime
<tr><td><td>[chǐ]<td>齒<td>tooth
<tr class=selected><td>chichi<td>[chi chi]<td>痴痴<td>foolish
<tr><td>chichi<td>[chī chī]<td>吃吃<td>sound of stammering
<tr><td><td>[chī chī]<td>痴痴<td>foolish/stupid/lost in thought/in a daze
<tr><td><td>[chí chí]<td>遲遲<td>late (with a task etc)/slow
<tr class=selected><td>chile<td>[chi le]<td>遲了<td>late
<tr><td>chile<td>[chí le]<td>遲了<td>late
<tr class=selected><td>chili<td>[chi li]<td>斥力<td>repulsive force
<tr><td>chili<td>[chī lì]<td>吃力<td>to entail strenuous effort/to toil at a task/strenuous/laborious/strain
<tr><td><td>[chì lì]<td>斥力<td>repulsion (in electrostatics)/repulsive force
<tr class=selected><td>chiming<td>[chi ming]<td>馳名<td>famous
<tr><td>chiming<td>[chí míng]<td>馳名<td>famous
<tr class=selected><td>dacha<td>[da cha]<td>打杈<td>to prune (branches)
<tr><td>dacha<td>[dǎ chà]<td>打岔<td>interruption/to interrupt (esp. talk)/to change the subject
<tr><td><td>[dǎ chà]<td>打杈<td>to prune (branches)
<tr><td><td>[dǎ chǎ]<td>打鑔<td>(dialect) to joke/to make fun of (sb)
<tr><td><td>[dā chá]<td>搭茬<td>to respond
<tr class=selected><td>dance<td>[dan ce]<td>單側<td>one-sided
<tr><td>dance<td>[dān cè]<td>單側<td>one-sided/unilateral
<tr class=selected><td>dangling<td>[dang ling]<td>當令<td>seasonal
<tr><td>dangling<td>[dāng lìng]<td>當令<td>to be in season/seasonal
<tr><td><td>[dǎng líng]<td>黨齡<td>party standing/age of service to the Party
<tr class=selected><td>dare<td>[da re]<td>大熱<td>great heat
<tr><td>dare<td>[dà rè]<td>大熱<td>great heat/very popular
<tr class=selected><td>dating<td>[da ting]<td>打聽<td>to ask around
<tr><td>dating<td>[dà tīng]<td>大廳<td>hall/lounge
<tr><td><td>[dǎ ting]<td>打聽<td>to ask about/to make some inquiries/to ask around
<tr class=selected><td>dean<td>[de an]<td>德安<td>De'an county in Jiujiang 九江, Jiangxi
<tr><td>dean<td>[dé ān]<td>德安<td>De'an county in Jiujiang 九江, Jiangxi
<tr class=selected><td>deli<td>[de li]<td>得力<td>competent
<tr><td>deli<td>[dé lì]<td>得力<td>able/capable/competent/efficient
<tr><td><td>[dé lǐ]<td>德里<td>Delhi/New Delhi, capital of India
<tr class=selected><td>den<td>[den]<td>扽<td>to yank
<tr><td>den<td>[dèn]<td>扽<td>to yank/to pull tight
<tr class=selected><td>die<td>[die]<td>蝶<td>butterfly
<tr><td>die<td>[dié]<td>咥<td>gnaw/bite
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>喋<td>flowing flood/to chatter
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>垤<td>anthill/mound
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>堞<td>battlements
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>昳<td>the declining sun in the west
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>楪<td>small dish/window
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>殜<td>weak (from illness)/half-sitting, half-reclining (meaning unclear)
<tr><td><td>[diē]<td>爹<td>dad
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>牒<td>(official) document/dispatch
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>瓞<td>young melon
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>畳<td>Japanese tatami matting
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>疊<td>to fold/to fold over in layers/to furl/to layer/to pile up/to repeat/to duplicate
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>眣<td>prominent eyes
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>碟<td>dish/plate
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>絰<td>hempen band worn on the head or waist by a mourner
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>耋<td>aged/in one's eighties
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>蝶<td>butterfly
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>諜<td>to spy
<tr><td><td>[diē]<td>跌<td>to fall/to tumble/to trip/(of prices etc) to drop
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>跕<td>shuffle
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>蹀<td>to tread on/to stamp one's foot
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>迭<td>alternately/repeatedly
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>镻<td>name of poisonous snake in ancient text
<tr><td><td>[dié]<td>鰈<td>flatfish/flounder/sole
<tr><td>die<td>[dì é]<td>帝俄<td>Tsarist Russia
<tr class=selected><td>dike<td>[di ke]<td>迪克<td>Dick (person name)
<tr><td>dike<td>[dí kè]<td>迪克<td>Dick (person name)
<tr class=selected><td>ding<td>[ding]<td>定<td>to determine
<tr><td>ding<td>[dīng]<td>丁<td>surname Ding
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>丁<td>fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干/fourth in order/letter "D" or Roman "IV" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc/ancient Chinese compass point: 195°/butyl/cubes (of food)
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>仃<td>alone
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>叮<td>to sting or bite (of mosquito, bee etc)/to say repeatedly/to urge insistently/to ask repeatedly/to stick to a point/(onom.) tinkling or jingling sound
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>啶<td>idine (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>定<td>to set/to fix/to determine/to decide/to order
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>帄<td>patch (for mending clothes)
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>玎<td>jingling/tinkling
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>疔<td>boil/carbuncle
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>盯<td>to watch attentively/to fix one's attention on/to stare at/to gaze at
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>碇<td>anchor
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>耵<td>cerumen
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>腚<td>buttocks/butt
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>訂<td>to agree/to conclude/to draw up/to subscribe to (a newspaper etc)/to order
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>酊<td>tincture (loanword)
<tr><td><td>[dǐng]<td>酊<td>intoxicated
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>釘<td>nail/to follow closely/to keep at sb (to do sth)
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>釘<td>to join things together by fixing them in place at one or more points/to nail/to pin/to staple/to sew on
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>鋌<td>ingot
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>錠<td>(weaving) spindle/ingot/pressed cake of medicine etc/classifier for: gold and silver ingots, ink sticks
<tr><td><td>[dīng]<td>靪<td>to cobble/to patch
<tr><td><td>[dǐng]<td>頂<td>apex/crown of the head/top/roof/most/to carry on the head/to push to the top/to go against/to replace/to substitute/to be subjected to (an aerial bombing, hailstorm etc)/(slang) to "bump" a forum thread to raise its profile/classifier for headwear, hats, veils etc
<tr><td><td>[dìng]<td>飣<td>display food for show only/sacrifice
<tr><td><td>[dǐng]<td>鼎<td>ancient cooking cauldron with two looped handles and three or four legs/pot (dialect)/to enter upon a period of (classical)/one of the 64 hexagrams of the Book of Changes
<tr class=selected><td>dire<td>[di re]<td>低熱<td>a low fever (up to 38°C)
<tr><td>dire<td>[dī rè]<td>低熱<td>a low fever (up to 38°C)
<tr><td><td>[dì rè]<td>地熱<td>geothermal
<tr class=selected><td>douche<td>[dou che]<td>斗車<td>wheelbarrow
<tr><td>douche<td>[dǒu chē]<td>斗車<td>hopper car/wheelbarrow
<tr class=selected><td>douse<td>[dou se]<td>抖瑟<td>to quiver
<tr><td>douse<td>[dǒu sè]<td>抖瑟<td>to quiver/to shiver/to tremble
<tr class=selected><td>duding<td>[du ding]<td>篤定<td>confident (of some outcome)
<tr><td>duding<td>[dǔ dìng]<td>篤定<td>certain/confident (of some outcome)/calm and unhurried
<tr class=selected><td>due<td>[du e]<td>毒顎<td>the sting (of scorpion etc)
<tr><td>due<td>[dú è]<td>毒顎<td>the sting (of scorpion etc)
<tr class=selected><td>duke<td>[du ke]<td>賭客<td>gambler
<tr><td>duke<td>[dǔ kè]<td>賭客<td>gambler
<tr class=selected><td>dun<td>[dun]<td>盹<td>doze
<tr><td>dun<td>[dūn]<td>噸<td>ton (loanword)
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>囤<td>bin for grain
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>墩<td>block/gate pillar/pier/classifier for clusters of plants/classifier for rounds in a card game: trick/(archaic) watchtower
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>庉<td>a village/to dwell together
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>惇<td>kindhearted/honest
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>敦<td>kindhearted/place name
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>沌<td>confused/turbid
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>燉<td>to stew
<tr><td><td>[dǔn]<td>盹<td>doze/nap
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>盾<td>shield/(currency) Vietnamese dong/currency unit of several countries (Indonesian rupiah, Dutch gulden etc)
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>礅<td>stone block
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>蹲<td>to crouch/to squat/to stay (somewhere)
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>蹾<td>(coll.) to put sth down heavily/to plonk
<tr><td><td>[dǔn]<td>躉<td>wholesale
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>遁<td>to evade/to flee/to escape
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>鈍<td>blunt/stupid
<tr><td><td>[dūn]<td>鐓<td>upsetting (forged pieces)
<tr><td><td>[dùn]<td>頓<td>to stop/to pause/to arrange/to lay out/to kowtow/to stamp (one's foot)/at once/classifier for meals, beatings, scoldings etc: time, bout, spell, meal
<tr class=selected><td>dunce<td>[dun ce]<td>蹲廁<td>squat toilet
<tr><td>dunce<td>[dūn cè]<td>蹲廁<td>squat toilet
<tr class=selected><td>duo<td>[duo]<td>多<td>many
<tr><td>duo<td>[duò]<td>剁<td>to chop up (meat etc)/to chop off (sb's hand etc)
<tr><td><td>[duō]<td>剟<td>to prick/to cut blocks, to engrave
<tr><td><td>[duō]<td>咄<td>(old)(interjection expressing disapproval, commiseration etc) tut!
<tr><td><td>[duō]<td>哆<td>quiver/woolen cloth
<tr><td><td>[duǒ]<td>嚲<td>hang down
<tr><td><td>[duǒ]<td>垛<td>battlement/target
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>垛<td>pile
<tr><td><td>[duǒ]<td>埵<td>solid earth
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>墮<td>to fall/to degenerate
<tr><td><td>[duō]<td>多<td>many/much/often/a lot of/numerous/more/in excess/how (to what extent)/multi-
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>奪<td>to seize/to take away forcibly/to wrest control of/to compete or strive for/to force one's way through/to leave out/to lose
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>嶞<td>mountain peak
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>度<td>to estimate
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>惰<td>lazy
<tr><td><td>[duō]<td>掇<td>to pick up/to collect/gather up
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>敪<td>to weigh/to cut/to come without being invited
<tr><td><td>[duǒ]<td>朵<td>flower/earlobe/fig. item on both sides/classifier for flowers, clouds etc
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>柮<td>wood scraps
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>舵<td>helm/rudder
<tr><td><td>[duō]<td>裰<td>to mend clothes
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>跺<td>to stamp one's feet
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>踱<td>to stroll/to pace
<tr><td><td>[duǒ]<td>躲<td>to hide/to dodge/to avoid
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>鈬<td>surname Duo
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>鐸<td>surname Duo
<tr><td><td>[duó]<td>鐸<td>large ancient bell
<tr><td><td>[duò]<td>馱<td>load carried by a pack animal
<tr class=selected><td>e<td>[e]<td>鵝<td>goose
<tr><td>e<td>[é]<td>俄<td>Russia/Russian/abbr. for 俄羅斯
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>俄<td>suddenly/very soon
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>厄<td>distressed
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>吪<td>move
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>呃<td>to hiccup
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>咢<td>beat a drum/startle
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>咹<td>eh?
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>哦<td>to chant
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>噩<td>startling
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>囮<td>decoy
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>堊<td>to whitewash/to plaster
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>堨<td>dam/to stop/check
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>堮<td>a boundary/a border
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>娥<td>good/beautiful
<tr><td><td>[ē]<td>婀<td>graceful/willowy/unstable
<tr><td><td>[ē]<td>屙<td>to defecate
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>峨<td>lofty/name of a mountain
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>崿<td>cliff/precipice
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>嶭<td>elevated/lofty
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>惡<td>evil/fierce/vicious/ugly/coarse/to harm
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>愕<td>startled
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>扼<td>to grip forcefully/to clutch at/to guard/to control/to hold
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>枙<td>tree knot
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>涐<td>old name for the Dadu River 大渡河 in Sichuan
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>砈<td>astatine (chemistry) (Tw)
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>苊<td>acenaphthene (C12H10)
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>莪<td>zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria), plant rhizome similar to turmeric
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>萼<td>calyx of a flower
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>蛾<td>moth
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>訛<td>error/false/to extort
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>詻<td>harsh/forbidding
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>諤<td>honest speech
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>軛<td>to restrain/to yoke
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>遏<td>to restrain/to check/to hold back
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>鄂<td>abbr. for Hubei Province 湖北省 in central China/surname E
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>鋨<td>osmium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>鍔<td>blade edge/sharp
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>閼<td>to block/to restrain/to control
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>阨<td>defile/pass/in distress
<tr><td><td>[ē]<td>阿<td>flatter
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>頞<td>junction of nose and forehead
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>額<td>forehead/horizontal tablet or inscribed board/specified number or amount
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>顎<td>jaw/palate
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>餓<td>to be hungry/hungry/to starve (sb)
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>餩<td>hiccup
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>鱷<td>crocodile/alligator
<tr><td><td>[é]<td>鵝<td>goose
<tr><td><td>[è]<td>齶<td>palate/roof of the mouth
<tr class=selected><td>emo<td>[e mo]<td>惡魔<td>demon
<tr><td>emo<td>[è mó]<td>惡魔<td>demon/fiend
<tr class=selected><td>eye<td>[e ye]<td>額葉<td>frontal lobe
<tr><td>eye<td>[é yè]<td>額葉<td>frontal lobe
<tr class=selected><td>fa<td>[fa]<td>髮<td>hair
<tr><td>fa<td>[fá]<td>乏<td>short of/tired
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>伐<td>to cut down/to fell/to dispatch an expedition against/to attack/to boast
<tr><td><td>[fǎ]<td>佱<td>law
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>垡<td>to turn the soil/upturned soil
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>橃<td>large boat
<tr><td><td>[fā]<td>沷<td>to remove evil/to cleanse/to wash away
<tr><td><td>[fǎ]<td>法<td>France/French/abbr. for 法國
<tr><td><td>[fǎ]<td>法<td>law/method/way/Buddhist teaching/Legalist
<tr><td><td>[fǎ]<td>灋<td>law
<tr><td><td>[fà]<td>琺<td>enamel ware/cloisonne ware
<tr><td><td>[fā]<td>發<td>to send out/to show (one's feeling)/to issue/to develop/to make a bundle of money/classifier for gunshots (rounds)
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>筏<td>raft (of logs)
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>罰<td>to punish/to penalize
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>茷<td>denseness of grass-foliage
<tr><td><td>[fǎ]<td>鍅<td>francium (chemistry) (Tw)
<tr><td><td>[fá]<td>閥<td>powerful individual, family or group/clique/(loanword) valve
<tr><td><td>[fà]<td>髮<td>hair
<tr class=selected><td>fading<td>[fa ding]<td>法定<td>legal
<tr><td>fading<td>[fǎ dìng]<td>法定<td>legal/statutory/rightful
<tr class=selected><td>fake<td>[fa ke]<td>發棵<td>budding
<tr><td>fake<td>[fá kē]<td>伐柯<td>(cf Book of Songs) How to fashion an ax handle? You need an ax/fig. to follow a principle/fig. to act as matchmaker
<tr><td><td>[fǎ kè]<td>法克<td>fuck (loanword)
<tr><td><td>[fā kē]<td>發棵<td>budding
<tr class=selected><td>fan<td>[fan]<td>帆<td>sail
<tr><td>fan<td>[fán]<td>凡<td>ordinary/commonplace/mundane/temporal/of the material world (as opposed to supernatural or immortal levels)/every/all/whatever/altogether/gist/outline/note of Chinese musical scale
<tr><td><td>[fǎn]<td>反<td>contrary/in reverse/inside out or upside down/to reverse/to return/to oppose/opposite/against/anti-/to rebel/to use analogy/instead/abbr. for 反切 phonetic system
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>墦<td>a grave
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>帆<td>sail
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>幡<td>banner
<tr><td><td>[fǎn]<td>払<td>to take/to fetch
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>旛<td>pennant
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>梵<td>abbr. for 梵教 Brahmanism/abbr. for Sanskrit 梵語 or 梵文/abbr. for 梵蒂岡, the Vatican
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>樊<td>surname Fan
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>樊<td>cage/fence
<tr><td><td>[fǎn]<td>橎<td>a kind of tree
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>泛<td>to float/to be suffused with/general/extensive/non-specific/flood/pan- (prefix)
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>煩<td>to feel vexed/to bother/to trouble/superfluous and confusing/edgy
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>燔<td>burn/to roast meat for sacrifice
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>犯<td>to violate/to offend/to assault/criminal/crime/to make a mistake/recurrence (of mistake or sth bad)
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>畈<td>field/farm
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>番<td>foreign (non-Chinese)/barbarian/classifier for occurrences (of an event, action or speech utterance)/classifier for iterations: times, -fold (as in twofold etc)/classifier for situations: kind, sort
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>礬<td>alum
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>笲<td>osier basket of brides
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>笵<td>bamboo mold
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>範<td>pattern/model/example
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>籓<td>big winnow basket
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>籵<td>dm
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>繁<td>complicated/many/in great numbers/abbr. for 繁體, traditional form of Chinese characters
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>繙<td>to translate
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>翻<td>to turn over/to flip over/to overturn/to rummage through/to translate/to decode/to double/to climb over or into/to cross
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>膰<td>cooked meat used in sacrifice
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>范<td>surname Fan
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>蕃<td>foreign (non-Chinese)
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>蕃<td>luxuriant/flourishing/to reproduce/to proliferate
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>薠<td>plant similar to coco-grass 莎草 (classical)
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>藩<td>fence/hedge/screen/barrier/vassal state
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>蘩<td>Artemisia stellariana
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>蠜<td>cyrtophyllus sp.
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>販<td>to deal in/to buy and sell/to trade in/to retail/to peddle
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>蹯<td>paws of animal
<tr><td><td>[fǎn]<td>返<td>to return (to)
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>釩<td>vanadium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>鐇<td>vanadium
<tr><td><td>[fān]<td>颿<td>to gallop/variant of 帆
<tr><td><td>[fàn]<td>飯<td>cooked rice/meal/(loanword) fan/devotee
<tr><td><td>[fǎn]<td>魬<td>sole or flounder
<tr><td><td>[fán]<td>鷭<td>water-hen/gallinula
<tr class=selected><td>fang<td>[fang]<td>方<td>square
<tr><td>fang<td>[fǎng]<td>仿<td>to imitate/to copy
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>坊<td>surname Fang
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>坊<td>lane (usually as part of a street name)/memorial archway
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>坊<td>workshop/mill
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>妨<td>to hinder/(in the negative or interrogative) (no) harm/(what) harm
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>彷<td>seemingly
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>房<td>surname Fang
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>房<td>house/room/branch of an extended family/classifier for family members (or concubines)
<tr><td><td>[fàng]<td>放<td>to put/to place/to release/to free/to let go/to let out/to set off (fireworks)
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>方<td>surname Fang
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>方<td>square/power or involution (math.)/upright/honest/fair and square/direction/side/party (to a contract, dispute etc)/place/method/prescription (medicine)/just when/only or just/classifier for square things/abbr. for square or cubic meter
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>昉<td>dawn/to begin
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>枋<td>Santalum album/square wooden pillar
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>淓<td>name of a river
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>瓬<td>potter/ceramicist
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>紡<td>to spin (cotton or hemp etc)/fine woven silk fabric
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>肪<td>animal fat
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>舫<td>2 boats lashed together/large boat
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>芳<td>fragrant
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>訪<td>to visit/to call on/to seek/to inquire/to investigate
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>邡<td>name of a district in Sichuan
<tr><td><td>[fāng]<td>鈁<td>francium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>防<td>to protect/to defend/to guard against/to prevent
<tr><td><td>[fǎng]<td>髣<td>seemingly
<tr><td><td>[fáng]<td>魴<td>bream/Zeus japanicus
<tr class=selected><td>fare<td>[fa re]<td>發熱<td>feverish
<tr><td>fare<td>[fā rè]<td>發熱<td>to have a high temperature/feverish/unable to think calmly/to emit heat
<tr class=selected><td>fating<td>[fa ting]<td>法庭<td>court of law
<tr><td>fating<td>[fǎ tíng]<td>法庭<td>court of law
<tr class=selected><td>faxing<td>[fa xing]<td>發行<td>to publish
<tr><td>faxing<td>[fā xíng]<td>發行<td>to publish/to issue (stocks, currency etc)/to release/to distribute (a film)
<tr><td><td>[fà xíng]<td>髮型<td>hairstyle/coiffure/hairdo
<tr class=selected><td>faze<td>[fa ze]<td>法則<td>law
<tr><td>faze<td>[fǎ zé]<td>法則<td>law/rule/code
<tr><td><td>[fá zé]<td>罰則<td>penal provision/penalty
<tr class=selected><td>fen<td>[fen]<td>芬<td>perfume
<tr><td>fen<td>[fèn]<td>份<td>classifier for gifts, newspaper, magazine, papers, reports, contracts etc
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>僨<td>to instigate/to ruin/to destroy
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>分<td>to divide/to separate/to distribute/to allocate/to distinguish (good and bad)/part or subdivision/fraction/one tenth (of certain units)/unit of length equivalent to 0.33 cm/minute (unit of time)/minute (angular measurement unit)/a point (in sports or games)/0.01 yuan (unit of money)
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>分<td>part/share/ingredient/component
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>吩<td>leave instructions/to order
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>坆<td>grave/tomb
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>墳<td>grave/tomb/embankment/mound/ancient book
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>奮<td>to exert oneself (bound form)
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>幩<td>ornamental tassel on bridle
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>忿<td>anger/indignation/hatred
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>憤<td>indignant/anger/resentment
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>朆<td>not yet (Wu dialect)
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>棻<td>aromatic wood/perfume/fragrance
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>棼<td>beams in roof/confused
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>氛<td>miasma/vapor
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>汾<td>name of a river
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>濆<td>edge of water
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>瀵<td>name of a river/valley vapor
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>焚<td>to burn
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>玢<td>porphyrites
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>瞓<td>to sleep (Cantonese)/Mandarin equivalent: 睡
<tr><td><td>[fěn]<td>粉<td>powder/cosmetic face powder/food prepared from starch/noodles or pasta made from any kind of flour/whitewash/white/pink
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>糞<td>manure/dung
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>紛<td>numerous/confused/disorderly
<tr><td><td>[fěn]<td>羵<td>spirit
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>芬<td>perfume/fragrance
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>蕡<td>hemp seeds/luxurious/abundant
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>豶<td>gelded pig
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>轒<td>war chariot
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>酚<td>phenol
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>雰<td>misty/foggy
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>饙<td>to steam rice
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>魵<td>shrimp
<tr><td><td>[fèn]<td>鱝<td>any ray (fish) variety of Myliobatiformes order
<tr><td><td>[fēn]<td>鳻<td>the wild pigeon
<tr><td><td>[fén]<td>鼖<td>large brass drum
<tr class=selected><td>fence<td>[fen ce]<td>分冊<td>volume (one of a series)
<tr><td>fence<td>[fēn cè]<td>分冊<td>volume (one of a series)/fascicule
<tr class=selected><td>foxing<td>[fo xing]<td>佛性<td>Buddha nature
<tr><td>foxing<td>[fó xìng]<td>佛性<td>Buddha nature
<tr class=selected><td>fuming<td>[fu ming]<td>復命<td>debriefing
<tr><td>fuming<td>[fù mìng]<td>復命<td>to report on completion of a mission/debriefing
<tr class=selected><td>fuse<td>[fu se]<td>膚色<td>skin color
<tr><td>fuse<td>[fū sè]<td>膚色<td>skin color
<tr class=selected><td>fuze<td>[fu ze]<td>負責<td>to take responsibility for
<tr><td>fuze<td>[fú zé]<td>福澤<td>good fortune
<tr><td><td>[fù zé]<td>負責<td>to be in charge of/to take responsibility for/to be to blame/conscientious
<tr><td><td>[fù zé]<td>附則<td>supplementary provision/bylaw/additional article (law)
<tr class=selected><td>gala<td>[ga la]<td>嘎啦<td>rattling
<tr><td>gala<td>[gā la]<td>嘎啦<td>(onom.) rumbling/rattling
<tr><td><td>[gá la]<td>嘎啦<td>to quarrel (Northeastern Mandarin)
<tr><td><td>[gā lá]<td>旮旯<td>corner/nook/recess/out-of-the-way place
<tr class=selected><td>gang<td>[gang]<td>港<td>harbor
<tr><td>gang<td>[gāng]<td>剛<td>hard/firm/strong/just/barely/exactly
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>堈<td>earthen jug, crock, cistern
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>堽<td>mound
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>岡<td>ridge/mound
<tr><td><td>[gǎng]<td>崗<td>mound/policeman's beat
<tr><td><td>[gàng]<td>戇<td>stupid (Wu dialect)
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>扛<td>to raise aloft with both hands/(of two or more people) to carry sth together
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>杠<td>flagpole/footbridge
<tr><td><td>[gàng]<td>槓<td>thick pole/bar/rod/thick line/to mark with a thick line/to sharpen (knife)/(old) coffin-bearing pole
<tr><td><td>[gǎng]<td>港<td>Hong Kong, abbr. for 香港/surname Gang
<tr><td><td>[gǎng]<td>港<td>harbor/port
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>疘<td>rectal prolapse
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>笐<td>bamboos placed across wooden frames on which grain may be stored in damp climates
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>綱<td>head rope of a fishing net/guiding principle/key link/class (taxonomy)/outline/program
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>缸<td>jar/vat/classifier for loads of laundry
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>罡<td>stars of the Big Dipper that constitute the tail of the dipper
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>肛<td>anus
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>舡<td>boat/ship
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>釭<td>hanging bowl for lamp or fish
<tr><td><td>[gāng]<td>鋼<td>steel
<tr class=selected><td>gangling<td>[gang ling]<td>槓鈴<td>barbell
<tr><td>gangling<td>[gàng líng]<td>槓鈴<td>barbell
<tr><td><td>[gāng lǐng]<td>綱領<td>program (i.e. plan of action)/guiding principle
<tr class=selected><td>gong<td>[gong]<td>功<td>meritorious deed or service
<tr><td>gong<td>[gōng]<td>供<td>to provide/to supply
<tr><td><td>[gòng]<td>供<td>sacrificial offering/to confess
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>公<td>public/collectively owned/common/international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar)/make public/fair/just/Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位/honorable (gentlemen)/father-in-law/male (animal)
<tr><td><td>[gòng]<td>共<td>common/general/to share/together/total/altogether/abbr. for 共產黨, Communist party
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>功<td>meritorious deed or service/achievement/result/service/accomplishment/work (physics)
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>匑<td>to bow/to salute
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>宮<td>surname Gong
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>宮<td>palace/temple/castration (as corporal punishment)/first note in pentatonic scale
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>工<td>work/worker/skill/profession/trade/craft/labor
<tr><td><td>[gǒng]<td>廾<td>hands joined
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>弓<td>surname Gong
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>弓<td>a bow (weapon)/to bend/to arch (one's back etc)
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>恭<td>respectful
<tr><td><td>[gǒng]<td>拱<td>to cup one's hands in salute/to surround/to arch/to dig earth with the snout/arched
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>攻<td>to attack/to accuse/to study
<tr><td><td>[gǒng]<td>栱<td>post
<tr><td><td>[gǒng]<td>汞<td>mercury (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>篢<td>bamboo hat
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>肱<td>upper arm/arm
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>蚣<td>scolopendra centipede
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>觥<td>big/cup made of horn/horn wine container
<tr><td><td>[gòng]<td>貢<td>surname Gong
<tr><td><td>[gòng]<td>貢<td>to offer tribute/tribute/gifts
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>躬<td>body/oneself/personally/to bow
<tr><td><td>[gǒng]<td>鞏<td>secure/solid
<tr><td><td>[gōng]<td>龔<td>surname Gong
<tr class=selected><td>gouge<td>[gou ge]<td>夠格<td>qualified
<tr><td>gouge<td>[gòu gé]<td>夠格<td>able to pass muster/qualified/apt/presentable
<tr class=selected><td>guide<td>[gui de]<td>貴德<td>Guide county in Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海南藏族自治州, Qinghai
<tr><td>guide<td>[guì dé]<td>貴德<td>Guide county in Hainan Tibetan autonomous prefecture 海南藏族自治州, Qinghai
<tr class=selected><td>guiding<td>[gui ding]<td>規定<td>to stipulate
<tr><td>guiding<td>[guī dìng]<td>規定<td>provision/to fix/to set/to formulate/to stipulate/to provide/regulation/rule
<tr><td><td>[guì dìng]<td>貴定<td>Guiding county in Qiannan Buyei and Miao autonomous prefecture 黔南州, Guizhou
<tr class=selected><td>gun<td>[gun]<td>棍<td>truncheon
<tr><td>gun<td>[gùn]<td>棍<td>stick/rod/truncheon
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>滾<td>to boil/to roll/to take a hike/Get lost!
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>磙<td>roller/to level with a roller
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>緄<td>cord/embroidered sash/to sew
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>蔉<td>to bank up the roots of plants
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>袞<td>imperial robe
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>輥<td>to revolve/stone roller
<tr><td><td>[gǔn]<td>鯀<td>Gun, mythical father of Yu the Great 大禹
<tr class=selected><td>ha<td>[ha]<td>蛤<td>frog
<tr><td>ha<td>[hā]<td>哈<td>abbr. for 哈薩克斯坦, Kazakhstan/abbr. for 哈爾濱, Harbin
<tr><td><td>[hā]<td>哈<td>(interj.) ha!/(slang) to be infatuated with/to adore/abbr. for 哈士奇, husky (dog)
<tr><td><td>[hǎ]<td>哈<td>a Pekinese/a pug/(dialect) to scold
<tr><td><td>[há]<td>蛤<td>frog/toad
<tr><td><td>[hā]<td>鉿<td>hafnium (chemistry)
<tr class=selected><td>hailing<td>[hai ling]<td>海嶺<td>mid-ocean ridge
<tr><td>hailing<td>[hǎi lǐng]<td>海嶺<td>mid-ocean ridge
<tr><td><td>[hǎi líng]<td>海陵<td>Hailing district of Taizhou city 泰州市, Jiangsu
<tr class=selected><td>hang<td>[hang]<td>航<td>boat
<tr><td>hang<td>[háng]<td>吭<td>throat
<tr><td><td>[hāng]<td>夯<td>to tamp/(slang) popular/hot
<tr><td><td>[háng]<td>杭<td>surname Hang/Hangzhou
<tr><td><td>[háng]<td>桁<td>cangue (stocks to punish criminals)
<tr><td><td>[hàng]<td>沆<td>a ferry/fog/flowing
<tr><td><td>[háng]<td>絎<td>to quilt
<tr><td><td>[háng]<td>航<td>boat/ship/craft/to navigate/to sail/to fly
<tr><td><td>[háng]<td>行<td>row/line/commercial firm/line of business/profession/to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age)/(in data tables) row/(Tw) column
<tr><td><td>[háng]<td>頏<td>fly down
<tr class=selected><td>he<td>[he]<td>喝<td>to drink
<tr><td>he<td>[hé]<td>㪃<td>to beat/to hit
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>何<td>surname He
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>何<td>what/how/why/which/carry
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>佫<td>surname He
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>劾<td>to impeach
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>合<td>to close/to join/to fit/to be equal to/whole/together/round (in battle)/conjunction (astronomy)/1st note of pentatonic scale
<tr><td><td>[hē]<td>呵<td>expel breath/my goodness
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>和<td>surname He/Japanese (food, clothes etc)
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>和<td>and/together with/with/sum/union/peace/harmony
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>和<td>to compose a poem in reply (to sb's poem) using the same rhyme sequence/to join in the singing/to chime in with others
<tr><td><td>[hē]<td>喝<td>to drink
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>喝<td>to shout
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>嗃<td>scold with severity
<tr><td><td>[hē]<td>嗬<td>(interjection expressing surprise) oh!/wow!
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>嚇<td>to scare/to intimidate/to threaten/(interjection showing disapproval) tut-tut
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>壑<td>gully/ravine
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>暍<td>hot
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>曷<td>why/how/when/what/where
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>核<td>pit/stone/nucleus/nuclear/to examine/to check/to verify
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>河<td>river
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>涸<td>to dry/to dry up
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>焃<td>fiery/bright
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>猲<td>frightened/terrified
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>盍<td>why not
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>盒<td>small box/case
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>禾<td>cereal/grain
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>紇<td>tassels
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>翮<td>quill
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>翯<td>glistening plumage of birds
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>荷<td>Holland/the Netherlands/abbr. for 荷蘭
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>荷<td>lotus
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>荷<td>to carry on one's shoulder or back/burden/responsibility
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>菏<td>He river in Shandong
<tr><td><td>[hē]<td>蠚<td>to sting
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>褐<td>brown/gray or dark color/coarse hemp cloth
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>覈<td>to investigate
<tr><td><td>[hē]<td>訶<td>to scold
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>貉<td>raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)/raccoon of North China, Korea and Japan (Japanese: tanuki)
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>賀<td>surname He
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>賀<td>to congratulate
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>赫<td>surname He
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>赫<td>awe-inspiring/abbr. for 赫茲, hertz (Hz)
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>郃<td>name of a person
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>鉌<td>small bell
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>閡<td>obstruct
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>闔<td>door/to close/whole
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>鞨<td>buskin/name of a tribe/turban
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>頜<td>maxilla and mandible
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>餲<td>spoiled/sour/moldy
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>鶡<td>crossbill/long-tailed pheasant
<tr><td><td>[hè]<td>鶴<td>crane
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>齕<td>(literary) to gnaw/to bite
<tr><td><td>[hé]<td>龢<td>harmonious
<tr class=selected><td>hen<td>[hen]<td>恨<td>to hate
<tr><td>hen<td>[hěn]<td>佷<td>to act contrary to
<tr><td><td>[hěn]<td>哏<td>old variant of 很/also used as an exclamation of anger
<tr><td><td>[hèn]<td>噷<td>interjection expressing disagreement, reproach or dissatisfaction
<tr><td><td>[hěn]<td>很<td>quite/very/awfully
<tr><td><td>[hèn]<td>恨<td>to hate/to regret
<tr><td><td>[hén]<td>拫<td>to pull/to drag/to stop
<tr><td><td>[hěn]<td>狠<td>ruthless/fierce/ferocious/determined/to harden (one's heart)
<tr><td><td>[hén]<td>痕<td>scar/traces
<tr class=selected><td>here<td>[he re]<td>核熱<td>nuclear heat
<tr><td>here<td>[hé rè]<td>核熱<td>nuclear heat
<tr class=selected><td>hexing<td>[he xing]<td>核型<td>karyotype (genetics)
<tr><td>hexing<td>[hé xíng]<td>核型<td>karyotype (genetics)
<tr class=selected><td>huge<td>[hu ge]<td>呼格<td>vocative case (grammar)
<tr><td>huge<td>[hū gé]<td>呼格<td>vocative case (grammar)
<tr class=selected><td>hula<td>[hu la]<td>唿喇<td>whoosh
<tr><td>hula<td>[hū lǎ]<td>唿喇<td>whoosh
<tr class=selected><td>jibing<td>[ji bing]<td>疾病<td>disease
<tr><td>jibing<td>[jí bìng]<td>疾病<td>disease/sickness/ailment
<tr><td><td>[jī bīng]<td>積冰<td>ice accretion
<tr class=selected><td>jingle<td>[jing le]<td>靜樂<td>Jingle county in Xinzhou 忻州, Shanxi
<tr><td>jingle<td>[jìng lè]<td>靜樂<td>Jingle county in Xinzhou 忻州, Shanxi
<tr class=selected><td>jingling<td>[jing ling]<td>精靈<td>fairy
<tr><td>jingling<td>[jìng líng]<td>竟陵<td>Jingling, former name of Tianmen 天門, Hubei
<tr><td><td>[jīng líng]<td>精靈<td>spirit/fairy/elf/sprite/genie
<tr><td><td>[jǐng líng]<td>警鈴<td>alarm bell
<tr class=selected><td>jinxing<td>[jin xing]<td>金星<td>gold star
<tr><td>jinxing<td>[jìn xìng]<td>盡性<td>displaying fully/developing to the greatest extent
<tr><td><td>[jìn xìng]<td>盡興<td>to enjoy oneself to the full/to one's heart's content
<tr><td><td>[jìn xíng]<td>進行<td>to advance/to conduct/underway/in progress/to do/to carry out/to carry on/to execute
<tr><td><td>[jīn xīng]<td>金星<td>Venus (planet)
<tr><td><td>[jīn xīng]<td>金星<td>gold star/stars (that one sees from blow to the head etc)
<tr class=selected><td>keen<td>[ke en]<td>科恩<td>Cohen (name)
<tr><td>keen<td>[kē ēn]<td>科恩<td>Cohen (name)
<tr class=selected><td>ken<td>[ken]<td>肯<td>to consent
<tr><td>ken<td>[kěn]<td>啃<td>to gnaw/to nibble/to bite
<tr><td><td>[kěn]<td>墾<td>to reclaim (land)/to cultivate
<tr><td><td>[kěn]<td>懇<td>earnest
<tr><td><td>[kèn]<td>掯<td>to push down/to make things difficult/to take by force
<tr><td><td>[kèn]<td>硍<td>rumbling of rolling stones
<tr><td><td>[kěn]<td>肯<td>to agree/to consent/to be ready (to do sth)/willing
<tr><td><td>[kèn]<td>裉<td>side seam in an upper garment
<tr class=selected><td>la<td>[la]<td>拉<td>to pull
<tr><td>la<td>[lá]<td>剌<td>to slash
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>剌<td>perverse/unreasonable/absurd
<tr><td><td>[lā]<td>啦<td>(onom.) sound of singing, cheering etc/(dialect) to chat
<tr><td><td>[la]<td>啦<td>sentence-final particle, contraction of 了啊, indicating exclamation/particle placed after each item in a list of examples
<tr><td><td>[lā]<td>喇<td>(onom.) sound of wind, rain etc
<tr><td><td>[lā]<td>拉<td>to pull/to play (a bowed instrument)/to drag/to draw/to chat
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>攋<td>to destroy/to rip/to tear open
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>楋<td>to plant trees (old)
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>瘌<td>scabies/scald-head
<tr><td><td>[lá]<td>砬<td>a huge boulder/a towering rock
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>臈<td>12th lunar month
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>臘<td>12th lunar month/preserved (meat, fish etc)
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>落<td>to leave out/to be missing/to leave behind or forget to bring/to lag or fall behind
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>蠟<td>candle/wax
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>辣<td>hot (spicy)/pungent
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>鑞<td>solder/tin
<tr><td><td>[la]<td>鞡<td>leg warmer
<tr><td><td>[là]<td>鬎<td>bald/scabby
<tr class=selected><td>lade<td>[la de]<td>拉德<td>rad (unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation) (loanword)
<tr><td>lade<td>[lā dé]<td>拉德<td>rad (unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation) (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>lading<td>[la ding]<td>拉丁<td>Latin
<tr><td>lading<td>[lā dīng]<td>拉丁<td>Latin/(in former times) to press-gang/to kidnap and force people into service
<tr class=selected><td>lake<td>[la ke]<td>拉客<td>to solicit (guests, clients, passengers etc)
<tr><td>lake<td>[lā kè]<td>拉客<td>to solicit (guests, clients, passengers etc)/to importune
<tr><td><td>[là kè]<td>臘克<td>lacquer (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>lama<td>[la ma]<td>辣媽<td>(coll.) hot mom
<tr><td>lama<td>[lǎ ma]<td>喇嘛<td>lama, spiritual teacher in Tibetan Buddhism
<tr><td><td>[là mā]<td>辣媽<td>(coll.) hot mom
<tr class=selected><td>lean<td>[le an]<td>樂安<td>Le'an county in Fuzhou 撫州, Jiangxi
<tr><td>lean<td>[lè ān]<td>樂安<td>Le'an county in Fuzhou 撫州, Jiangxi
<tr class=selected><td>lei<td>[lei]<td>淚<td>tears
<tr><td>lei<td>[lěi]<td>儡<td>to injure/puppet
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>儽<td>lazy/tired out, worn fatigued
<tr><td><td>[lēi]<td>勒<td>to strap tightly/to bind
<tr><td><td>[lei]<td>嘞<td>sentence-final particle similar to 了, but carrying a tone of approval
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>壘<td>rampart/base (in baseball)/to build with stones, bricks etc
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>嫘<td>surname Lei
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>擂<td>beat/to grind
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>擂<td>to beat (a drum)
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>攂<td>to beat
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>樏<td>mountain-climbing shoes
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>檑<td>logs rolled down in defense of city
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>欙<td>sedan
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>淚<td>tears
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>畾<td>fields divided by dikes
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>磊<td>lumpy/rock pile/uneven/fig. sincere/open and honest
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>磥<td>a heap of stones/boulders
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>礧<td>roll stone down hill/stone pile
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>累<td>to accumulate/continuous/repeated
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>累<td>tired/weary/to strain/to wear out/to work hard
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>縲<td>bind/bond
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>纇<td>flaw/knot
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>纍<td>surname Lei
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>纍<td>rope/to bind together/to twist around
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>罍<td>large earthenware wine jar
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>羸<td>entangled/lean
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>耒<td>plow
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>肋<td>rib
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>蔂<td>basket for carrying earth
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>蕾<td>bud
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>藟<td>bud/creeper/bramble
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>虆<td>to entwine/creeper/bramble/basket used to contain soil
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>誄<td>to eulogize the dead/eulogy
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>酹<td>pour out libation/sprinkle
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>鐳<td>radium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>雷<td>surname Lei
<tr><td><td>[léi]<td>雷<td>thunder/mine (weapon)/(Internet slang) terrifying/terrific
<tr><td><td>[lèi]<td>類<td>kind/type/class/category/similar/like/to resemble
<tr><td><td>[lěi]<td>鸓<td>flying squirrel
<tr class=selected><td>lichen<td>[li chen]<td>李忱<td>Li Chen, personal name of seventeenth Tang emperor Xuanzong 宣宗 (810-859), reigned 846-859
<tr><td>lichen<td>[lǐ chén]<td>李忱<td>Li Chen, personal name of seventeenth Tang emperor Xuanzong 宣宗 (810-859), reigned 846-859
<tr class=selected><td>lie<td>[lie]<td>劦<td>unending exertion
<tr><td>lie<td>[liè]<td>冽<td>cold and raw
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>列<td>to arrange/to line up/file/series/(in data tables) column/(Tw) row
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>劣<td>inferior
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>劦<td>unending exertion
<tr><td><td>[liě]<td>咧<td>to draw back the corners of one's mouth
<tr><td><td>[lie]<td>咧<td>modal particle expressing exclamation
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>埒<td>(literary) equal/enclosure/dike/embankment
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>捩<td>tear/twist
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>擸<td>to hold, to grasp/to hold the hair/to pull at
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>洌<td>pure/to cleanse
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>烈<td>ardent/intense/fierce/stern/upright/to give one's life for a noble cause/exploits/achievements
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>獵<td>hunting
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>睙<td>to roll the eyeballs to look
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>茢<td>rushes/sedges
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>蛚<td>Cyrtoxiphus ritsemae
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>裂<td>to split/to crack/to break open/to rend
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>趔<td>stumble
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>躐<td>step across
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>鬣<td>bristles/mane
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>鱲<td>minnow
<tr><td><td>[liè]<td>鴷<td>woodpecker
<tr class=selected><td>like<td>[li ke]<td>理科<td>the sciences
<tr><td>like<td>[lì kè]<td>力克<td>to prevail with difficulty
<tr><td><td>[lǐ kē]<td>理科<td>the sciences (as opposed to the humanities 文科)
<tr><td><td>[lì kè]<td>立刻<td>forthwith/immediate/prompt/promptly/straightway/thereupon/at once
<tr><td><td>[lí kè]<td>釐克<td>centigram
<tr class=selected><td>liming<td>[li ming]<td>黎明<td>dawn
<tr><td>liming<td>[lí míng]<td>黎明<td>dawn/daybreak
<tr class=selected><td>lining<td>[li ning]<td>李寧<td>Li Ning (1963-), PRC gymnast, winner of three gold medals at Los Angeles 1984 Olympic games
<tr><td>lining<td>[lǐ níng]<td>李寧<td>Li Ning (1963-), PRC gymnast, winner of three gold medals at Los Angeles 1984 Olympic games
<tr class=selected><td>long<td>[long]<td>龍<td>dragon
<tr><td>long<td>[lǒng]<td>儱<td>rude/barbarous
<tr><td><td>[lòng]<td>哢<td>to sing or chirp (of birds)/music sound
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>嚨<td>throat
<tr><td><td>[lǒng]<td>壟<td>ridge between fields/row of crops/grave mound
<tr><td><td>[lǒng]<td>壠<td>ridge between fields/row of crops/grave mound
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>巃<td>steep/precipitous (of mountain)
<tr><td><td>[lòng]<td>弄<td>lane/alley
<tr><td><td>[lǒng]<td>攏<td>to gather together/to collect/to approach/to draw near to/to add/to sum up/to comb (hair)
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>曨<td>twilight/approaching light of dawn/dim
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>朧<td>rising moon
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>櫳<td>bar/cage/gratings
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>瀧<td>rapids/waterfall/torrential (rain)
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>瓏<td>tinkling of gem-pendants
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>癃<td>infirmity/retention of urine
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>礱<td>to grind/to mill
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>礲<td>to mill
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>窿<td>cavity/hole
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>籠<td>enclosing frame made of bamboo, wire etc/cage/basket/steamer basket/to cover/to cage/to embrace/to manipulate through trickery
<tr><td><td>[lǒng]<td>籠<td>to cover/to cage/covering
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>聾<td>deaf
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>蘢<td>Polygonum posumbu
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>豅<td>long and wide valley
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>躘<td>to walk
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>隆<td>surname Long/short for 吉隆坡, Kuala Lumpur
<tr><td><td>[lōng]<td>隆<td>sound of drums
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>隆<td>grand/intense/prosperous/to swell/to bulge
<tr><td><td>[lǒng]<td>隴<td>short name for Gansu province 甘肅省
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>龍<td>surname Long
<tr><td><td>[lóng]<td>龍<td>dragon/imperial
<tr class=selected><td>ma<td>[ma]<td>馬<td>horse
<tr><td>ma<td>[ma]<td>嘛<td>modal particle indicating that sth is obvious/particle indicating a pause for emphasis
<tr><td><td>[mā]<td>媽<td>ma/mom/mother
<tr><td><td>[mā]<td>抹<td>to wipe
<tr><td><td>[mà]<td>榪<td>headboard
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>溤<td>name of a river
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>獁<td>mammoth
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>瑪<td>agate/cornelian
<tr><td><td>[má]<td>痲<td>leprosy/numb
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>碼<td>weight/number/code/to pile/to stack/classifier for length or distance (yard), happenings etc
<tr><td><td>[mà]<td>禡<td>(arch.) religious ritual on setting out for war
<tr><td><td>[mà]<td>罵<td>to scold/to abuse/to curse
<tr><td><td>[má]<td>蔴<td>hemp
<tr><td><td>[mā]<td>螞<td>dragonfly
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>螞<td>ant
<tr><td><td>[mà]<td>螞<td>grasshopper
<tr><td><td>[má]<td>蟆<td>toad
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>馬<td>surname Ma/abbr. for Malaysia 馬來西亞
<tr><td><td>[mǎ]<td>馬<td>horse/horse or cavalry piece in Chinese chess/knight in Western chess
<tr><td><td>[má]<td>麻<td>surname Ma
<tr><td><td>[má]<td>麻<td>generic name for hemp, flax etc/hemp or flax fiber for textile materials/sesame/(of materials) rough or coarse/pocked/pitted/to have pins and needles or tingling/to feel numb
<tr><td><td>[má]<td>麼<td>exclamatory final particle
<tr><td><td>[ma]<td>麼<td>interrogative final particle
<tr class=selected><td>maiming<td>[mai ming]<td>賣命<td>to shed one's last ounce of strength for
<tr><td>maiming<td>[mái míng]<td>埋名<td>to conceal one's identity/to live incognito
<tr><td><td>[mài mìng]<td>賣命<td>to throw one's life in for/to haplessly give one's life for/to sacrifice oneself torturously working for another or for a group/to pour in one's utmost effort/to shed one's last ounce of strength for
<tr class=selected><td>make<td>[ma ke]<td>馬科<td>Equidae
<tr><td>make<td>[mǎ kè]<td>馬克<td>Mark (name)
<tr><td><td>[mǎ kē]<td>馬科<td>Equidae/horse family
<tr class=selected><td>male<td>[ma le]<td>馬勒<td>Mahler (name)
<tr><td>male<td>[mǎ lè]<td>馬勒<td>Mahler (name)/Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Austrian composer
<tr class=selected><td>mama<td>[ma ma]<td>媽媽<td>mother
<tr><td>mama<td>[mā ma]<td>媽媽<td>mama/mommy/mother
<tr><td><td>[mǎ má]<td>馬麻<td>mommy
<tr class=selected><td>man<td>[man]<td>慢<td>slow
<tr><td>man<td>[mán]<td>埋<td>to blame
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>墁<td>to plaster
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>嫚<td>surname Man
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>嫚<td>insult
<tr><td><td>[mǎn]<td>屘<td>the youngest
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>幔<td>curtain
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>慢<td>slow
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>曼<td>handsome/large/long
<tr><td><td>[mǎn]<td>滿<td>Manchu ethnic group
<tr><td><td>[mǎn]<td>滿<td>to fill/full/filled/packed/fully/completely/quite/to reach the limit/to satisfy/satisfied/contented
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>漫<td>free/unrestrained/to inundate
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>澫<td>overflow of water/spreading
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>熳<td>to spread
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>瞞<td>to conceal from/to keep (sb) in the dark
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>縵<td>plain thin silk/slow/unadorned
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>蔓<td>turnip/Brassica campestris
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>蔓<td>creeper/to spread
<tr><td><td>[mǎn]<td>蟎<td>mite
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>蠻<td>barbarian/bullying/very/quite/rough/reckless
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>謾<td>to deceive
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>謾<td>to slander/to be disrespectful/to slight
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>鄤<td>place name
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>鏝<td>side of coin without words/trowel
<tr><td><td>[mān]<td>顢<td>dawdling
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>饅<td>steamed bread
<tr><td><td>[màn]<td>鬗<td>head ornaments/pretty hair
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>鬘<td>(of woman's hair) beautiful/flower garland worn as an ornament
<tr><td><td>[mán]<td>鰻<td>eel/Anguilla lostoniensis
<tr class=selected><td>mane<td>[man e]<td>滿額<td>the full amount
<tr><td>mane<td>[mǎn é]<td>滿額<td>the full amount/to fulfill the quota
<tr class=selected><td>manning<td>[man ning]<td>滿擰<td>totally inconsistent
<tr><td>manning<td>[mǎn nǐng]<td>滿擰<td>totally inconsistent/completely at odds
<tr class=selected><td>me<td>[me]<td>麼<td>suffix, used to form interrogative 什麼
<tr><td>me<td>[me]<td>麼<td>suffix, used to form interrogative 什麼, what?, indefinite 這麼 thus, etc
<tr class=selected><td>meme<td>[me me]<td>麼麼<td>kissing sound (slang onom.)
<tr><td>meme<td>[me me]<td>麼麼<td>kissing sound (slang onom.)
<tr class=selected><td>men<td>[men]<td>悶<td>melancholy
<tr><td>men<td>[mén]<td>亹<td>mountain pass/defile (archaic)
<tr><td><td>[men]<td>們<td>plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
<tr><td><td>[mēn]<td>悶<td>stuffy/shut indoors/to smother/to cover tightly
<tr><td><td>[mèn]<td>悶<td>bored/depressed/melancholy/sealed/airtight/tightly closed
<tr><td><td>[mèn]<td>懣<td>melancholy
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>捫<td>lay hands on/to cover
<tr><td><td>[mèn]<td>暪<td>dark
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>樠<td>elm/gum
<tr><td><td>[mèn]<td>燜<td>to cook in a covered vessel/to casserole/to stew
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>璊<td>rouge
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>穈<td>porridge/rice sprouts
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>鍆<td>mendelevium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>門<td>surname Men
<tr><td><td>[mén]<td>門<td>gate/door/gateway/doorway/opening/valve/switch/way to do something/knack/family/house/(religious) sect/school (of thought)/class/category/phylum or division (taxonomy)/classifier for large guns/classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology
<tr class=selected><td>mi<td>[mi]<td>米<td>rice
<tr><td>mi<td>[mì]<td>冖<td>see also 平寶蓋
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>冞<td>deep
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>冪<td>power/exponent (math.)/to cover with a cloth/cloth cover/veil
<tr><td><td>[mī]<td>咪<td>sound for calling a cat
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>嘧<td>(phonetic) as in pyrimidine
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>塓<td>to plaster/whitewash (wall)
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>宓<td>surname Mi
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>宓<td>still/silent
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>密<td>surname Mi/name of an ancient state
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>密<td>secret/confidential/close/thick/dense
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>幦<td>chariot canopy
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>弭<td>to stop/repress
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>彌<td>full/to fill/completely/more
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>敉<td>peaceful
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>汨<td>name of a river, the southern tributary of Miluo river 汨羅江
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>泌<td>to secrete/to excrete
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>洣<td>Mi river in Hunan, tributary of Xiangjiang 湘江
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>濔<td>many/numerous
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>瀰<td>brimming or overflowing
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>獼<td>macaque
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>眯<td>to blind (as with dust)
<tr><td><td>[mī]<td>瞇<td>to narrow one's eyes/to squint/(dialect) to take a nap
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>禰<td>surname Mi
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>禰<td>memorial tablet in a temple commemorating a deceased father
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>秘<td>secret/secretary
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>米<td>surname Mi
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>米<td>rice/meter (classifier)
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>糜<td>surname Mi
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>糜<td>rice gruel/rotten/to waste (money)
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>糸<td>fine silk
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>縻<td>to tie up
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>羃<td>cover of cloth for food/veil
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>羋<td>surname Mi
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>羋<td>to bleat (of a sheep)
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>脒<td>amidine (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>蘼<td>millet
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>蜜<td>honey
<tr><td><td>[mi]<td>袮<td>used in rare Japanese place names such as 袮宜町 Minorimachi and 袮宜田 Minorita
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>覓<td>to seek/to find
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>謎<td>riddle
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>謐<td>quiet
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>迷<td>to bewilder/crazy about/fan/enthusiast/lost/confused
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>醚<td>ether
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>醾<td>unfiltered wine/wine brewed twice
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>銤<td>formerly used for the chemical elements americium 鎇 and osmium 鋨
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>靡<td>to waste (money)
<tr><td><td>[mǐ]<td>靡<td>extravagant/go with fashion/not
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>麋<td>surname Mi
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>麋<td>moose/river bank
<tr><td><td>[mí]<td>麛<td>fawn/young of animals
<tr><td><td>[mì]<td>鼏<td>cover of tripod kettle
<tr class=selected><td>mile<td>[mi le]<td>彌勒<td>Maitreya, the future Bodhisattva, to come after Shakyamuni Buddha
<tr><td>mile<td>[mí lè]<td>彌勒<td>Mile county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture, Yunnan/Maitreya, the future Bodhisattva, to come after Shakyamuni Buddha
<tr class=selected><td>mingling<td>[ming ling]<td>命令<td>order
<tr><td>mingling<td>[míng líng]<td>名伶<td>famous actor or actress (Chinese opera)
<tr><td><td>[mìng lìng]<td>命令<td>order/command
<tr><td><td>[míng lìng]<td>明令<td>to decree
<tr class=selected><td>mini<td>[mi ni]<td>迷你<td>mini (as in mini-skirt or Mini Cooper) (loanword)
<tr><td>mini<td>[mí nǐ]<td>迷你<td>mini (as in mini-skirt or Mini Cooper) (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>minting<td>[min ting]<td>民庭<td>civil court
<tr><td>minting<td>[mín tíng]<td>民庭<td>civil court
<tr class=selected><td>mocha<td>[mo cha]<td>抹茶<td>green tea powder (Japanese: matcha)
<tr><td>mocha<td>[mǒ chá]<td>抹茶<td>green tea powder (Japanese: matcha)
<tr><td><td>[mò chá]<td>末茶<td>tea powder (matcha)
<tr class=selected><td>mode<td>[mo de]<td>驀地<td>unexpectedly
<tr><td>mode<td>[mò de]<td>驀地<td>suddenly/unexpectedly
<tr class=selected><td>moping<td>[mo ping]<td>抹平<td>to smooth out
<tr><td>moping<td>[mǒ píng]<td>抹平<td>to flatten/to level/to smooth out
<tr class=selected><td>mu<td>[mu]<td>木<td>tree
<tr><td>mu<td>[mù]<td>仫<td>name of tribe
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>募<td>canvass for contributions/to recruit/to collect/to raise
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>墓<td>grave/tomb/mausoleum
<tr><td><td>[mǔ]<td>姆<td>woman who looks after small children/(old) female tutor
<tr><td><td>[mǔ]<td>姥<td>governess/old woman
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>幕<td>curtain or screen/canopy or tent/headquarters of a general/act (of a play)
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>幙<td>curtain/screen
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>慕<td>to admire
<tr><td><td>[mǔ]<td>拇<td>thumb/big toe
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>暮<td>evening/sunset
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>木<td>surname Mu
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>木<td>tree/wood/coffin/wooden/simple/numb/one of the eight categories of ancient musical instruments 八音
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>楘<td>ornaments on chariot-shaft
<tr><td><td>[mú]<td>模<td>mold/die/matrix/pattern
<tr><td><td>[mǔ]<td>母<td>mother/elderly female relative/origin/source/(of animals) female
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>沐<td>to bathe/to cleanse/to receive/to be given
<tr><td><td>[mǔ]<td>牡<td>(of a bird, animal or plant) male/key/hills
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>牧<td>surname Mu
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>牧<td>to herd/to breed livestock/to govern (old)/government official (old)
<tr><td><td>[mǔ]<td>畝<td>classifier for fields/unit of area equal to one fifteenth of a hectare
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>目<td>eye/item/section/list/catalogue/table of contents/order (taxonomy)/goal/name/title
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>睦<td>amicable/harmonious
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>穆<td>surname Mu
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>穆<td>solemn/reverent/calm/burial position in an ancestral tomb (old)
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>苜<td>clover
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>鉬<td>molybdenum (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[mù]<td>霂<td>drizzle/fine rain
<tr class=selected><td>muse<td>[mu se]<td>暮色<td>twilight
<tr><td>muse<td>[mù sè]<td>暮色<td>twilight
<tr class=selected><td>name<td>[na me]<td>那麼<td>like that
<tr><td>name<td>[nà me]<td>那麼<td>like that/in that way/or so/so/so very much/about/in that case
<tr class=selected><td>nite<td>[ni te]<td>尼特<td>nit (symbol: nt), unit of luminance (loanword)
<tr><td>nite<td>[ní tè]<td>尼特<td>nit (symbol: nt), unit of luminance (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>nixing<td>[ni xing]<td>逆行<td>to go the wrong way
<tr><td>nixing<td>[nì xíng]<td>逆行<td>to go the wrong way/to go against one-way traffic regulation
<tr class=selected><td>nu<td>[nu]<td>努<td>to exert
<tr><td>nu<td>[nǔ]<td>努<td>to exert/to strive
<tr><td><td>[nǔ]<td>呶<td>to pout
<tr><td><td>[nú]<td>奴<td>slave
<tr><td><td>[nú]<td>孥<td>child/offspring
<tr><td><td>[nǔ]<td>弩<td>crossbow
<tr><td><td>[nù]<td>怒<td>anger/fury/flourishing/vigorous
<tr><td><td>[nǔ]<td>砮<td>flint
<tr><td><td>[nú]<td>駑<td>worn out old horses
<tr class=selected><td>nuke<td>[nu ke]<td>努克<td>Nuuk, capital of Greenland
<tr><td>nuke<td>[nǔ kè]<td>努克<td>Nuuk, capital of Greenland
<tr class=selected><td>o<td>[o]<td>喔<td>I see
<tr><td>o<td>[ó]<td>哦<td>oh (interjection indicating doubt or surprise)
<tr><td><td>[ò]<td>哦<td>oh (interjection indicating that one has just learned sth)
<tr><td><td>[o]<td>哦<td>sentence-final particle that conveys informality, warmth, friendliness or intimacy/may also indicate that one is stating a fact that the other person is not aware of
<tr><td><td>[ō]<td>喔<td>I see/oh
<tr><td><td>[ō]<td>噢<td>Oh!
<tr class=selected><td>pa<td>[pa]<td>怕<td>to fear
<tr><td>pa<td>[pā]<td>%<td>percent (Tw)
<tr><td><td>[pā]<td>啪<td>(onom.) bang/pop/pow
<tr><td><td>[pà]<td>帕<td>to wrap/kerchief/handkerchief/headscarf/pascal (SI unit)
<tr><td><td>[pà]<td>怕<td>surname Pa
<tr><td><td>[pà]<td>怕<td>to be afraid/to fear/to dread/to be unable to endure/perhaps
<tr><td><td>[pá]<td>扒<td>to rake up/to steal/to braise/to crawl
<tr><td><td>[pá]<td>爬<td>to crawl/to climb/to get up or sit up
<tr><td><td>[pá]<td>耙<td>a rake
<tr><td><td>[pā]<td>葩<td>corolla of flower
<tr><td><td>[pā]<td>趴<td>to lie on one's stomach/to lean forward, resting one's upper body (on a desktop etc)/(Tw) percent
<tr><td><td>[pá]<td>跁<td>to squat/crouch
<tr class=selected><td>pagan<td>[pa gan]<td>爬竿<td>pole-climbing (as gymnastics or circus act)
<tr><td>pagan<td>[pá gān]<td>爬竿<td>pole-climbing (as gymnastics or circus act)/climbing pole
<tr class=selected><td>pan<td>[pan]<td>盤<td>tray
<tr><td>pan<td>[pàn]<td>判<td>to judge/to sentence/to discriminate/to discern/obviously (different)
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>叛<td>to betray/to rebel/to revolt
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>媻<td>to move
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>幋<td>large scarf
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>拚<td>to disregard/to reject
<tr><td><td>[pān]<td>攀<td>to climb (by pulling oneself up)/to implicate/to claim connections of higher status
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>柈<td>plate
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>槃<td>wooden tray
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>泮<td>(literary) to melt/to dissolve
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>湴<td>to wade through water or mud
<tr><td><td>[pān]<td>潘<td>surname Pan/Pan, faun in Greek mythology, son of Hermes
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>爿<td>classifier for strips of land or bamboo, shops, factories etc/slit bamboo or chopped wood (dialect)
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>畔<td>edge/side/boundary/bank (of a river etc)/shore
<tr><td><td>[pān]<td>番<td>surname Pan
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>盤<td>plate/dish/tray/board/hard drive (computing)/to build/to coil/to check/to examine/to transfer (property)/to make over/classifier for food: dish, helping/to coil/classifier for coils of wire/classifier for games of chess
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>盼<td>to hope for/to long for/to expect
<tr><td><td>[pān]<td>眅<td>show the whites of eyes
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>磐<td>firm/stable/rock
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>磻<td>name of a river in Shaanxi
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>縏<td>small bag/sack
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>胖<td>healthy/at ease
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>蟠<td>to coil
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>袢<td>robe
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>襻<td>loop/belt/band/to tie together/to stitch together
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>詊<td>pleasing/clever talk
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>蹣<td>limp
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>闆<td>to catch sight of in a doorway (old)
<tr><td><td>[pán]<td>鞶<td>large belt
<tr><td><td>[pàn]<td>頖<td>disperse
<tr class=selected><td>pang<td>[pang]<td>胖<td>fat
<tr><td>pang<td>[pāng]<td>乓<td>(onom.) bang
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>厖<td>huge
<tr><td><td>[pǎng]<td>嗙<td>(onom.) bang!
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>尨<td>surname Pang
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>尨<td>huge/enormous
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>庬<td>huge
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>彷<td>irresolute
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>徬<td>irresolute
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>旁<td>beside/one side/other/side/self/the right-hand side of split Chinese character, often the phonetic
<tr><td><td>[pāng]<td>滂<td>rushing (water)
<tr><td><td>[pǎng]<td>耪<td>to weed
<tr><td><td>[pàng]<td>胖<td>fat/plump
<tr><td><td>[pāng]<td>膀<td>puffed (swollen)
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>膀<td>bladder
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>螃<td>crab
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>逄<td>surname Pang
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>雱<td>heavy fall of rain or snow
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>龎<td>enormous
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>龐<td>surname Pang
<tr><td><td>[páng]<td>龐<td>huge/enormous/tremendous
<tr class=selected><td>panting<td>[pan ting]<td>潘婷<td>Pantene (hair products brand)
<tr><td>panting<td>[pān tíng]<td>潘婷<td>Pantene (hair products brand)
<tr class=selected><td>pen<td>[pen]<td>噴<td>to spurt
<tr><td>pen<td>[pēn]<td>呠<td>to spurt/to blow out/to puff out/to snort
<tr><td><td>[pēn]<td>噴<td>to puff/to spout/to spray/to spurt
<tr><td><td>[pèn]<td>噴<td>(of a smell) strong/peak season (of a crop)
<tr><td><td>[pén]<td>湓<td>flowing of water/name of a river
<tr><td><td>[pén]<td>盆<td>basin/flower pot/unit of volume equal to 12 斗 and 8 升, approx 128 liters
<tr class=selected><td>pi<td>[pi]<td>皮<td>skin
<tr><td>pi<td>[pī]<td>丕<td>grand
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>仳<td>to part
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>伾<td>multitudinous/powerful
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>僻<td>biased/low/rustic/secluded
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>劈<td>to hack/to chop/to split open/(of lightning) to strike
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>劈<td>to split in two/to divide
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>匹<td>mate/one of a pair
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>匹<td>classifier for horses, mules etc/ordinary person/classifier for cloth: bolt/horsepower
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>否<td>clogged/evil
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>啤<td>beer
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>噼<td>child's buttocks (esp. Cantonese)/(onom.) crack, slap, clap, clatter etc
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>嚭<td>great/great fortune
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>圮<td>destroyed/injure
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>坯<td>blank (e.g. for a coin)/unburnt earthenware/semifinished product
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>埤<td>low wall
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>媲<td>to match/to pair
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>屁<td>fart/flatulence/nonsense/(usu. in the negative) what/(not) a damn thing
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>庀<td>to prepare
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>批<td>to ascertain/to act on/to criticize/to pass on/classifier for batches, lots, military flights/tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges)
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>披<td>to drape over one's shoulders/to open/to unroll/to split open/to spread out
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>擗<td>to beat the breast
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>毗<td>to adjoin/to border on
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>淠<td>luxuriant (of water plants)
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>潎<td>rippling/pour
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>澼<td>bleach/to clean
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>狉<td>puppy badger
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>狓<td>ferocious
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>甓<td>glazed tile
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>疋<td>classifier for cloth: bolt
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>疲<td>weary
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>痞<td>constipation/lump in the abdomen
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>癖<td>habit/hobby
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>皮<td>surname Pi
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>皮<td>leather/skin/fur/pico- (one trillionth)/naughty
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>砒<td>arsenic
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>笓<td>to comb/fine-toothed comb/trap for prawns
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>紕<td>error/carelessness/spoiled silk
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>羆<td>brown bear
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>脾<td>spleen
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>芘<td>Malva sylvestris
<tr><td><td>[pǐ]<td>苉<td>picene (C22H14)
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>蚽<td>a kind of insect (old)
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>蜱<td>tick (zoology)
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>裨<td>surname Pi
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>裨<td>subordinate/secondary/small
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>譬<td>to give an example
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>辟<td>law
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>邳<td>surname Pi/Han dynasty county in modern Jiangsu
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>郫<td>place name
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>鈹<td>beryllium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>錍<td>flat arrow-head/plow blade
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>闢<td>to open (a door)/to open up (for development)/to dispel/to refute/to repudiate
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>阰<td>mountain in ancient Chu
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>陴<td>parapet
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>霹<td>clap of thunder
<tr><td><td>[pì]<td>髲<td>a wig
<tr><td><td>[pī]<td>鴄<td>wild duck
<tr><td><td>[pí]<td>鼙<td>drum carried on horseback
<tr class=selected><td>pie<td>[pie]<td>撇<td>to throw
<tr><td>pie<td>[piē]<td>撇<td>to cast away/to fling aside
<tr><td><td>[piě]<td>撇<td>to throw/to cast/left-slanting downward brush stroke (calligraphy)
<tr><td><td>[piē]<td>氕<td>protium 1H/light hydrogen, the most common isotope of hydrogen, having no neutron, so atomic weight 1
<tr><td><td>[piē]<td>瞥<td>to shoot a glance/glance/to appear in a flash
<tr><td><td>[piě]<td>苤<td>Brassica campestris subsp. rapa
<tr class=selected><td>pier<td>[pi er]<td>皮爾<td>Pierre, capital of South Dakota
<tr><td>pier<td>[pí ěr]<td>皮爾<td>Pierre, capital of South Dakota
<tr class=selected><td>pin<td>[pin]<td>拼<td>to piece together
<tr><td>pin<td>[pǐn]<td>品<td>article/commodity/product/goods/kind/grade/rank/character/disposition/nature/temperament/variety/to taste sth/to sample/to criticize/to comment/to judge/to size up/fret (on a guitar or lute)
<tr><td><td>[pīn]<td>姘<td>to be a mistress or lover
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>嬪<td>imperial concubine
<tr><td><td>[pīn]<td>拼<td>to piece together/to join together/to stake all/adventurous/at the risk of one's life/to spell
<tr><td><td>[pǐn]<td>榀<td>classifier for roof beams and trusses
<tr><td><td>[pìn]<td>牝<td>(of a bird, animal or plant) female/keyhole/valley
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>玭<td>pearl
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>矉<td>to glare angrily/to open the eyes with anger/to knit the brows
<tr><td><td>[pīn]<td>礗<td>sound of crushed stone
<tr><td><td>[pìn]<td>聘<td>to engage (a teacher etc)/to hire/to betroth/betrothal gift/to get married (of woman)
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>蘋<td>marsiliaceae/clover fern
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>貧<td>poor/inadequate/deficient/garrulous
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>頻<td>frequency/frequently/repetitious
<tr><td><td>[pín]<td>顰<td>to scowl/to knit the brows
<tr class=selected><td>ping<td>[ping]<td>平<td>flat
<tr><td>ping<td>[pīng]<td>乒<td>(onom.) ping/bing
<tr><td><td>[pīng]<td>俜<td>to send/to let go
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>坪<td>a plain/ping, unit of area equal to approx. 3.3058 square meters (used in Japan and Taiwan)
<tr><td><td>[pīng]<td>娉<td>graceful
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>屏<td>(standing) screen
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>帡<td>to cover/screen/awning
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>平<td>surname Ping
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>平<td>flat/level/equal/to tie (make the same score)/to draw (score)/calm/peaceful
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>憑<td>to lean against/to rely on/on the basis of/no matter (how, what etc)/proof
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>枰<td>chess-like game
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>泙<td>sound of water splashing
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>洴<td>wash/bleach (fabric)
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>玶<td>name of one kind of jade
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>瓶<td>bottle/vase/pitcher/classifier for wine and liquids
<tr><td><td>[pīng]<td>甹<td>chivalrous knight
<tr><td><td>[pīng]<td>砯<td>(old) (onom.) sound of water against rocks
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>苹<td>duckweed
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>萍<td>duckweed
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>蘋<td>apple
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>評<td>to discuss/to comment/to criticize/to judge/to choose (by public appraisal)
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>軿<td>curtained carriage used by women/to gather together/to assemble
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>馮<td>to gallop/to assist/to attack/to wade/great
<tr><td><td>[píng]<td>鮃<td>family of flatfish/sole
<tr class=selected><td>piping<td>[pi ping]<td>批評<td>to criticize
<tr><td>piping<td>[pī píng]<td>批評<td>to criticize/criticism
<tr class=selected><td>pita<td>[pi ta]<td>疲沓<td>negligent
<tr><td>pita<td>[pí ta]<td>疲沓<td>slack/remiss/negligent
<tr class=selected><td>pixie<td>[pi xie]<td>皮鞋<td>leather shoes
<tr><td>pixie<td>[pí xié]<td>皮鞋<td>leather shoes
<tr class=selected><td>poling<td>[po ling]<td>迫令<td>to order
<tr><td>poling<td>[pò lìng]<td>迫令<td>to order/to force
<tr class=selected><td>puke<td>[pu ke]<td>撲克<td>poker (game) (loanword)
<tr><td>puke<td>[pū kè]<td>撲克<td>poker (game) (loanword)/playing cards
<tr class=selected><td>pushier<td>[pu shi er]<td>蒲式耳<td>bushel (eight gallons)
<tr><td>pushier<td>[pú shì ěr]<td>蒲式耳<td>bushel (eight gallons)
<tr class=selected><td>ran<td>[ran]<td>染<td>to dye
<tr><td>ran<td>[rǎn]<td>冉<td>surname Ran
<tr><td><td>[rǎn]<td>冉<td>edge of a tortoiseshell
<tr><td><td>[rǎn]<td>染<td>to dye/to catch (a disease)/to acquire (bad habits etc)/to contaminate/to add color washes to a painting
<tr><td><td>[rán]<td>然<td>correct/right/so/thus/like this/-ly
<tr><td><td>[rán]<td>燃<td>to burn/to ignite/to light/fig. to spark off (hopes)/to start (debate)/to raise (hopes)
<tr><td><td>[rán]<td>肰<td>dog meat
<tr><td><td>[rǎn]<td>苒<td>luxuriant growth/passing (of time)
<tr><td><td>[rán]<td>蚺<td>boa
<tr><td><td>[rán]<td>蛅<td>a caterpillar
<tr><td><td>[rán]<td>髯<td>beard/whiskers
<tr class=selected><td>rang<td>[rang]<td>讓<td>to permit
<tr><td>rang<td>[ráng]<td>勷<td>haste
<tr><td><td>[rǎng]<td>嚷<td>to blurt out/to shout
<tr><td><td>[rǎng]<td>壤<td>soil/earth
<tr><td><td>[rǎng]<td>攘<td>to push up one's sleeves/to reject or resist/to seize/to perturb/to steal
<tr><td><td>[ráng]<td>瀼<td>dewy
<tr><td><td>[ráng]<td>瓤<td>pulp (of fruit)/sth inside a covering/bad/weak
<tr><td><td>[ráng]<td>禳<td>sacrifice for avoiding calamity
<tr><td><td>[ráng]<td>穰<td>surname Rang
<tr><td><td>[ráng]<td>穰<td>abundant/stalk of grain
<tr><td><td>[ráng]<td>蘘<td>a kind of wild ginger
<tr><td><td>[ràng]<td>讓<td>to yield/to permit/to let sb do sth/to have sb do sth/to make sb (feel sad etc)/by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被)
<tr class=selected><td>re<td>[re]<td>熱<td>to heat up
<tr><td>re<td>[rě]<td>喏<td>to salute/make one's curtsy
<tr><td><td>[rě]<td>惹<td>to provoke/to irritate/to vex/to stir up/to anger/to attract (troubles)/to cause (problems)
<tr><td><td>[rè]<td>熱<td>to warm up/to heat up/hot (of weather)/heat/fervent
<tr><td><td>[rè]<td>爇<td>heat/to burn
<tr class=selected><td>rending<td>[ren ding]<td>認定<td>to believe firmly
<tr><td>rending<td>[rén dīng]<td>人丁<td>number of people in a family/population/(old) adult males/male servants
<tr><td><td>[rén dìng]<td>人定<td>middle of the night/the dead of night
<tr><td><td>[rèn dìng]<td>認定<td>to maintain (that sth is true)/to determine (a fact)/determination (of an amount)/of the firm opinion/to believe firmly/to set one's mind on/to identify with
<tr class=selected><td>renting<td>[ren ting]<td>任聽<td>to allow (sb to act arbitrarily)
<tr><td>renting<td>[rèn tīng]<td>任聽<td>to allow (sb to act arbitrarily)/to let sb have his head
<tr class=selected><td>run<td>[run]<td>潤<td>to moisten
<tr><td>run<td>[rùn]<td>潤<td>to moisten/to lubricate/to embellish/moist/glossy/sleek
<tr><td><td>[rún]<td>犉<td>ox
<tr><td><td>[rún]<td>瞤<td>twitch (muscle or eyelid)
<tr><td><td>[rùn]<td>閏<td>intercalary/an extra day or month inserted into the lunar or solar calendar (such as February 29)
<tr class=selected><td>saga<td>[sa ga]<td>薩嘎<td>Saga county, Tibetan: Sa dga' rdzong, in Shigatse prefecture, Tibet
<tr><td>saga<td>[sà gā]<td>薩嘎<td>Saga county, Tibetan: Sa dga' rdzong, in Shigatse prefecture, Tibet
<tr class=selected><td>salami<td>[sa la mi]<td>薩拉米<td>salami (loanword)
<tr><td>salami<td>[sà lā mǐ]<td>薩拉米<td>salami (loanword)
<tr class=selected><td>sang<td>[sang]<td>嗓<td>voice
<tr><td>sang<td>[sāng]<td>喪<td>mourning/funeral/(old) corpse
<tr><td><td>[sàng]<td>喪<td>to lose sth abstract but important (courage, authority, one's life etc)/to be bereaved of (one's spouse etc)/to die/disappointed/discouraged
<tr><td><td>[sǎng]<td>嗓<td>throat/voice
<tr><td><td>[sǎng]<td>搡<td>push back/push over
<tr><td><td>[sāng]<td>桑<td>surname Sang
<tr><td><td>[sāng]<td>桑<td>mulberry tree
<tr><td><td>[sǎng]<td>磉<td>stone plinth
<tr><td><td>[sǎng]<td>顙<td>forehead
<tr class=selected><td>sate<td>[sa te]<td>薩特<td>Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), French existential philosopher and novelist
<tr><td>sate<td>[sà tè]<td>薩特<td>Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), French existential philosopher and novelist
<tr class=selected><td>sedan<td>[se dan]<td>色膽<td>boldness in pursuing one's sexual urges
<tr><td>sedan<td>[sè dǎn]<td>色膽<td>boldness in pursuing one's sexual urges
<tr class=selected><td>semi<td>[se mi]<td>色迷<td>lecherous
<tr><td>semi<td>[sè mí]<td>色迷<td>crazy about sex/lecherous/horny
<tr class=selected><td>sexier<td>[se xi er]<td>塞席爾<td>the Seychelles (Tw)
<tr><td>sexier<td>[sè xí ěr]<td>塞席爾<td>the Seychelles (Tw)
<tr class=selected><td>shanghai<td>[shang hai]<td>傷害<td>to harm
<tr><td>shanghai<td>[shàng hǎi]<td>上海<td>Shanghai municipality, central east China, abbr. to 滬
<tr><td><td>[shāng hài]<td>傷害<td>to injure/to harm
<tr class=selected><td>she<td>[she]<td>社<td>society
<tr><td>she<td>[shé]<td>佘<td>surname She
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>厙<td>surname She
<tr><td><td>[shē]<td>奢<td>extravagant
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>射<td>to shoot/to launch/to allude to/radio- (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>慴<td>terrified
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>懾<td>afraid/be feared/to fear/to frighten/to intimidate
<tr><td><td>[shé]<td>折<td>to break (e.g. stick or bone)/a loss
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>拾<td>to ascend in light steps
<tr><td><td>[shě]<td>捨<td>to give up/to abandon/to give alms
<tr><td><td>[shé]<td>揲<td>sort out divining stalks
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>攝<td>to take in/to absorb/to assimilate/to act for/to take a photo/photo shoot/photo/to conserve (one's health)
<tr><td><td>[shē]<td>檨<td>mango
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>歙<td>name of a district in Anhui
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>涉<td>to wade/to be involved/to concern/to experience/to enter (classical)
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>灄<td>name of a river
<tr><td><td>[shē]<td>畬<td>She ethnic group
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>社<td>society/group/club/agency/(old) god of the land
<tr><td><td>[shé]<td>舌<td>tongue
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>舍<td>surname She
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>舍<td>residence
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>蔎<td>Thea sinensis
<tr><td><td>[shé]<td>蛇<td>snake/serpent
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>蠂<td>Podisma mikado
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>設<td>to set up/to arrange/to establish/to found/to display
<tr><td><td>[shē]<td>賒<td>to buy or sell on credit/distant/long (time)/to forgive
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>赦<td>to pardon (a convict)
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>韘<td>archer's thumb ring
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>騇<td>mare/female horse
<tr><td><td>[shè]<td>麝<td>musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)/also called 香獐子
<tr class=selected><td>shouting<td>[shou ting]<td>受聽<td>nice to hear
<tr><td>shouting<td>[shòu tīng]<td>受聽<td>nice to hear/worth listening to
<tr><td><td>[shōu tīng]<td>收聽<td>to listen to (a radio broadcast)
<tr class=selected><td>shun<td>[shun]<td>吮<td>to suck
<tr><td>shun<td>[shǔn]<td>吮<td>to suck
<tr><td><td>[shǔn]<td>揗<td>strike, hit with hand/tap
<tr><td><td>[shǔn]<td>楯<td>draw forth/horizontal railing
<tr><td><td>[shùn]<td>瞤<td>wink/twinkle/very short time
<tr><td><td>[shùn]<td>瞬<td>to wink
<tr><td><td>[shùn]<td>舜<td>Shun (c. 23rd century BC), mythical sage and leader
<tr><td><td>[shùn]<td>蕣<td>Hibiscus syriacus
<tr><td><td>[shùn]<td>順<td>to obey/to follow/to arrange/to make reasonable/along/favorable
<tr class=selected><td>side<td>[si de]<td>四德<td>four Confucian injunctions
<tr><td>side<td>[sì dé]<td>四德<td>four Confucian injunctions 孝悌忠信 (for men), namely: piety 孝 to one's parents, respect 悌 to one's older brother, loyalty 忠 to one's monarch, faith 信 to one's male friends/the four Confucian virtues for women of morality 德, physical charm 容, propriety in speech 言 and efficiency in needlework 功
<tr class=selected><td>siding<td>[si ding]<td>死定<td>to be screwed
<tr><td>siding<td>[sǐ dìng]<td>死定<td>to be screwed/to be toast
<tr class=selected><td>simian<td>[si mian]<td>四面<td>all sides
<tr><td>simian<td>[sì miàn]<td>四面<td>all sides
<tr><td><td>[sǐ miàn]<td>死麵<td>unleavened dough
<tr><td><td>[sī mián]<td>絲綿<td>silk floss/down
<tr class=selected><td>siren<td>[si ren]<td>私人<td>private
<tr><td>siren<td>[sǐ rén]<td>死人<td>dead person/(coll.) to die/(of a death) to happen
<tr><td><td>[sī rén]<td>私人<td>private/personal/interpersonal/sb with whom one has a close personal relationship/a member of one's clique
<tr class=selected><td>song<td>[song]<td>送<td>to deliver
<tr><td>song<td>[sóng]<td>㞞<td>(coll.) semen/weak and incompetent
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>凇<td>icicle
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>娀<td>name of an ancient state
<tr><td><td>[sòng]<td>宋<td>surname Song/the Song dynasty (960-1279)/also Song of the Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479)
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>嵩<td>lofty/Mt Song in Henan
<tr><td><td>[sǒng]<td>悚<td>frightened
<tr><td><td>[sǒng]<td>慫<td>terrified
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>松<td>surname Song
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>松<td>pine
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>淞<td>name of a river in Jiangsu Province
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>濍<td>(onom.) sound of water
<tr><td><td>[sǒng]<td>竦<td>respectful/horrified/to raise (one's shoulders)/to stand on tiptoe/to crane
<tr><td><td>[sǒng]<td>聳<td>to excite/to raise up/to shrug/high/lofty/towering
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>菘<td>Brassica chinensis
<tr><td><td>[sòng]<td>訟<td>litigation
<tr><td><td>[sòng]<td>誦<td>to read aloud/to recite
<tr><td><td>[sòng]<td>送<td>to deliver/to carry/to give (as a present)/to present (with)/to see off/to send
<tr><td><td>[sòng]<td>頌<td>ode/eulogy/to praise in writing/to wish (in letters)
<tr><td><td>[sòng]<td>餸<td>dish of food, usu. to be eaten with rice (Cantonese)
<tr><td><td>[sōng]<td>鬆<td>loose/to loosen/to relax/floss (dry, fluffy food product made from shredded, seasoned meat or fish, used as a topping or filling)
<tr class=selected><td>sue<td>[su e]<td>蘇俄<td>Soviet Russia
<tr><td>sue<td>[sū é]<td>蘇俄<td>Soviet Russia
<tr class=selected><td>sumo<td>[su mo]<td>塑膜<td>plastic film
<tr><td>sumo<td>[sù mó]<td>塑膜<td>plastic film (abbr. for 塑料薄膜)
<tr class=selected><td>sun<td>[sun]<td>筍<td>bamboo shoot
<tr><td>sun<td>[sūn]<td>孫<td>surname Sun
<tr><td><td>[sūn]<td>孫<td>grandson/descendant
<tr><td><td>[sǔn]<td>損<td>to decrease/to lose/to damage/to harm/(coll.) to speak sarcastically/to deride/caustic/mean/one of the 64 hexagrams of the Book of Changes (䷨)
<tr><td><td>[sūn]<td>搎<td>to rub with the hand/to stroke
<tr><td><td>[sǔn]<td>榫<td>tenon (cabinetmaking)
<tr><td><td>[sǔn]<td>筍<td>bamboo shoot
<tr><td><td>[sǔn]<td>簨<td>cross-beam for hanging bells
<tr><td><td>[sūn]<td>蓀<td>fragrant grass
<tr><td><td>[sǔn]<td>隼<td>falcon
<tr><td><td>[sūn]<td>飧<td>(literary) supper
<tr class=selected><td>sushi<td>[su shi]<td>素食<td>vegetarian food
<tr><td>sushi<td>[sú shì]<td>俗世<td>the vulgar world (Buddhist concept)/secular world
<tr><td><td>[sú shì]<td>俗事<td>everyday routine/ordinary affairs
<tr><td><td>[sù shì]<td>夙世<td>previous life
<tr><td><td>[sù shì]<td>宿世<td>previous life
<tr><td><td>[sù shí]<td>素食<td>vegetables/vegetarian food
<tr><td><td>[sū shì]<td>蘇軾<td>Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Su Dongpo 蘇東坡 northern Song Dynasty writer and calligrapher/one of the Three Su father and sons 三蘇 and one of the Eight Giants of Tang and Song Prose 唐宋八大家
<tr><td><td>[sù shí]<td>速食<td>fast food (Tw)
<tr class=selected><td>tabu<td>[ta bu]<td>踏步<td>stride
<tr><td>tabu<td>[tà bù]<td>踏步<td>stride/to step (on the spot)/to mark time/at a standstill
<tr class=selected><td>tan<td>[tan]<td>袒<td>to bare
<tr><td>tan<td>[tán]<td>倓<td>quiet/peaceful
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>嗿<td>sound of many people eating
<tr><td><td>[tàn]<td>嘆<td>to sigh/to exclaim
<tr><td><td>[tān]<td>坍<td>to collapse
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>坦<td>flat/open-hearted/level/smooth
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>壇<td>platform/rostrum/altar
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>彈<td>to pluck (a string)/to play (a string instrument)/to spring or leap/to shoot (e.g. with a catapult)/(of cotton) to fluff or tease/to flick/to flip/to accuse/to impeach/elastic (of materials)
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>忐<td>nervous
<tr><td><td>[tān]<td>怹<td>he/she
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>惔<td>to burn
<tr><td><td>[tàn]<td>探<td>to explore/to search out/to scout/to visit/to stretch forward
<tr><td><td>[tān]<td>攤<td>to spread out/vendor's stand
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>曇<td>dark clouds
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>榃<td>raised path between fields
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>檀<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>檀<td>sandalwood/hardwood/purple-red
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>毯<td>blanket/rug
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>潭<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>潭<td>deep pool/pond/pit (dialect)/depression
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>澹<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tān]<td>灘<td>beach/shoal/rapids/classifier for liquids: pool, puddle
<tr><td><td>[tàn]<td>炭<td>wood charcoal/coal
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>痰<td>phlegm/spittle
<tr><td><td>[tān]<td>癱<td>paralyzed
<tr><td><td>[tàn]<td>碳<td>carbon (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>禫<td>sacrifice at the end of mourning
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>罈<td>earthen jar
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>菼<td>Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Amur silvergrass)/Miscanthus sinensis (feather grass)
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>袒<td>to bare
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>覃<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>覃<td>deep
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>談<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>談<td>to speak/to talk/to converse/to chat/to discuss
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>譚<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tān]<td>貪<td>to have a voracious desire for/to covet/greedy/corrupt
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>贉<td>pay an advance/silk book cover
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>郯<td>surname Tan/name of an ancient city
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>醓<td>brine of pickled meat
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>醰<td>bitter taste in wine/rich/full flavored
<tr><td><td>[tǎn]<td>鉭<td>tantalum (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>錟<td>long spear
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>鐔<td>surname Tan
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>餤<td>to advance
<tr><td><td>[tán]<td>黮<td>black, dark/unclear/private
<tr class=selected><td>tang<td>[tang]<td>糖<td>sugar
<tr><td>tang<td>[tǎng]<td>倘<td>if/supposing/in case
<tr><td><td>[tǎng]<td>儻<td>if/unexpectedly
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>唐<td>Tang dynasty (618-907)/surname Tang
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>唐<td>to exaggerate/empty/in vain
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>嘡<td>(onom.) clang/bong/bang
<tr><td><td>[tǎng]<td>埫<td>flat land
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>堂<td>(main) hall/large room for a specific purpose/relationship between cousins etc on the paternal side of a family/of the same clan/classifier for classes, lectures etc/classifier for sets of furniture
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>塘<td>dyke/embankment/pool or pond/hot-water bathing pool
<tr><td><td>[tǎng]<td>帑<td>state treasury/public funds
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>搪<td>to keep out/to hold off/to ward off/to evade/to spread/to coat/to smear/to daub
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>棠<td>cherry-apple
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>樘<td>pillar/door post/door or window frame/classifier for doors or windows
<tr><td><td>[tǎng]<td>淌<td>to drip/to trickle/to shed (tears)
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>湯<td>surname Tang
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>湯<td>soup/hot or boiling water/decoction of medicinal herbs/water in which sth has been boiled
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>溏<td>noncoagulative/pond
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>煻<td>to warm/to toast
<tr><td><td>[tàng]<td>燙<td>to scald/to burn (by scalding)/to blanch (cooking)/to heat (sth) up in hot water/to perm/to iron/scalding hot
<tr><td><td>[tàng]<td>盪<td>variant of 趟
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>糖<td>sugar/sweets/candy
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>羰<td>carbonyl (radical)
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>膛<td>chest (of body)/hollow space/throat
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>螗<td>variety of small cicada with a green back and a clear song (in ancient books)
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>螳<td>praying mantis
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>赯<td>red/crimson
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>趟<td>to wade/to trample/to turn the soil
<tr><td><td>[tàng]<td>趟<td>classifier for times, round trips or rows/a time/a trip
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>踼<td>to fall flat/to fall on the face
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>蹚<td>to wade/to trample
<tr><td><td>[tǎng]<td>躺<td>to recline/to lie down
<tr><td><td>[táng]<td>醣<td>carbohydrate
<tr><td><td>[tāng]<td>鏜<td>noise of drums
<tr><td><td>[tǎng]<td>钂<td>ancient weapon resembling a pitchfork
<tr class=selected><td>taxi<td>[ta xi]<td>踏襲<td>to follow blindly
<tr><td>taxi<td>[tà xí]<td>踏襲<td>to follow blindly
<tr class=selected><td>taxing<td>[ta xing]<td>他性<td>otherness
<tr><td>taxing<td>[tā xìng]<td>他性<td>otherness
<tr class=selected><td>ti<td>[ti]<td>梯<td>ladder
<tr><td>ti<td>[tì]<td>倜<td>energetic/exalted/magnanimous
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>剃<td>to shave
<tr><td><td>[tī]<td>剔<td>to scrape the meat from bones/to pick (teeth etc)/to weed out
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>厗<td>old stone or mineral, possibly related to antimony Sb 銻
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>啼<td>to cry/to weep aloud/to crow/to hoot
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>嚏<td>sneeze
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>媞<td>used as phonetic/female name
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>屜<td>drawer/tier/tray
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>悌<td>to do one's duty as a younger brother
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>悐<td>respect, regard/to stand in awe of, to be alarmed
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>惕<td>fearful/respectful
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>提<td>to carry (hanging down from the hand)/to lift/to put forward/to mention/to raise (an issue)/upwards character stroke/lifting brush stroke (in painting)/scoop for measuring liquid
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>揥<td>get rid of/ivory hairpin
<tr><td><td>[tī]<td>擿<td>to select/to nitpick/to expose
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>替<td>to substitute for/to take the place of/to replace/for/on behalf of/to stand in for
<tr><td><td>[tī]<td>梯<td>ladder/stairs
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>殢<td>fatigue
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>洟<td>nasal mucus
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>涕<td>tears/nasal mucus
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>禔<td>well-being
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>稊<td>grass/tares
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>籊<td>long bamboo (for fishing rod)
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>綈<td>coarse greenish black pongee
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>緹<td>orange-red silk/orange-red colored
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>薙<td>shave/to weed
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>裼<td>baby's quilt
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>趯<td>to jump/way of stroke in calligraphy
<tr><td><td>[tī]<td>踢<td>to kick/to play (e.g. soccer)
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>蹄<td>hoof/pig's trotters
<tr><td><td>[tì]<td>逖<td>far
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>醍<td>essential oil of butter
<tr><td><td>[tī]<td>銻<td>antimony (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>題<td>surname Ti
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>題<td>topic/problem for discussion/exam question/subject/to inscribe/to mention
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>騠<td>spirited horse
<tr><td><td>[tǐ]<td>體<td>body/form/style/system/substance/to experience/aspect (linguistics)
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>鯷<td>anchovy
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>鵜<td>pelican
<tr><td><td>[tí]<td>鶗<td>a kind of hawk
<tr class=selected><td>tie<td>[tie]<td>貼<td>to paste
<tr><td>tie<td>[tiè]<td>呫<td>to mutter/to talk indistinctly
<tr><td><td>[tiē]<td>帖<td>fitting snugly/appropriate/suitable/to paste/to obey
<tr><td><td>[tiě]<td>帖<td>invitation card/notice
<tr><td><td>[tiè]<td>帖<td>rubbing from incised inscription
<tr><td><td>[tiē]<td>怗<td>peaceful/quiet
<tr><td><td>[tiē]<td>萜<td>terpene (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[tiē]<td>貼<td>to stick/to paste/to post (e.g. on a blog)/to keep close to/to fit snugly/to subsidize/allowance (e.g. money for food or housing)/sticker/classifier for sticking plaster: strip
<tr><td><td>[tiě]<td>鐵<td>surname Tie
<tr><td><td>[tiě]<td>鐵<td>iron (metal)/arms/weapons/hard/strong/violent/unshakeable/determined/close/tight (slang)
<tr><td><td>[tiè]<td>餮<td>gluttonous
<tr><td><td>[tiě]<td>驖<td>dark brown horse
<tr class=selected><td>tier<td>[ti er]<td>提爾<td>Tyre (Lebanon)
<tr><td>tier<td>[tí ěr]<td>提爾<td>Tyre (Lebanon)
<tr class=selected><td>tiling<td>[ti ling]<td>提領<td>to withdraw (cash from an ATM)
<tr><td>tiling<td>[tí lǐng]<td>提領<td>to withdraw (cash from an ATM)
<tr><td><td>[tì líng]<td>涕零<td>to shed tears/to weep
<tr class=selected><td>timing<td>[ti ming]<td>提名<td>to nominate
<tr><td>timing<td>[tí míng]<td>提名<td>to nominate
<tr><td><td>[tí míng]<td>題名<td>autograph/to sign one's name
<tr class=selected><td>ting<td>[ting]<td>停<td>to stop
<tr><td>ting<td>[tíng]<td>亭<td>pavilion/booth/kiosk/erect
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>停<td>to stop/to halt/to park (a car)
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>婷<td>graceful
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>庭<td>main hall/front courtyard/law court
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>廳<td>(reception) hall/living room/office/provincial government department
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>廷<td>palace courtyard
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>挺<td>straight/erect/to stick out (a part of the body)/to (physically) straighten up/to support/to withstand/outstanding/(coll.) quite/very/classifier for machine guns
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>朾<td>to bump
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>桯<td>bed side stand
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>梃<td>a club (weapon)
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>楟<td>tree
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>汀<td>sandbar/shoal/sandbank
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>渟<td>stagnant water
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>烴<td>hydrocarbon
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>珽<td>scepter
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>町<td>raised path between fields
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>筳<td>bamboo pole/spindle
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>綎<td>silk braided cord
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>聼<td>to hear/to obey
<tr><td><td>[tīng]<td>聽<td>to listen/to hear/to obey/a can (loanword from English "tin")/classifier for canned beverages
<tr><td><td>[tìng]<td>聽<td>(literary pronunciation, still advocated in Taiwan) to rule/to sentence/to allow
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>脡<td>brisket meat/straight
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>艇<td>vessel/small ship
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>莛<td>stalk of grass
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>葶<td>Draba nemerosa bebe carpa
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>蝏<td>Leptogaster basiralis
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>鋌<td>big arrow/walk fast
<tr><td><td>[tíng]<td>霆<td>clap of thunder
<tr><td><td>[tǐng]<td>頲<td>narrow forehead
<tr class=selected><td>titan<td>[ti tan]<td>體壇<td>sporting circles
<tr><td>titan<td>[tǐ tán]<td>體壇<td>sporting circles/the world of sport
<tr class=selected><td>tong<td>[tong]<td>同<td>same
<tr><td>tong<td>[tóng]<td>佟<td>surname Tong
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>侗<td>ignorant
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>僮<td>servant boy
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>同<td>like/same/similar/together/alike/with
<tr><td><td>[tōng]<td>嗵<td>(onom.) thump/thud
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>峒<td>name of a mountain
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>彤<td>surname Tong
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>彤<td>red
<tr><td><td>[tòng]<td>慟<td>grief
<tr><td><td>[tǒng]<td>捅<td>to stab/to poke/to prod/to nudge/to disclose
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>曈<td>sun about to rise
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>朣<td>light from the rising moon
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>桐<td>tree name (variously Paulownia, Firmiana or Aleurites)
<tr><td><td>[tǒng]<td>桶<td>bucket/(trash) can/barrel (of oil etc)
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>潼<td>high/name of a pass
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>烔<td>hot/heated
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>獞<td>name of a variety of dog/wild tribes in South China
<tr><td><td>[tōng]<td>痌<td>moaning in pain
<tr><td><td>[tòng]<td>痛<td>ache/pain/sorrow/deeply/thoroughly
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>瞳<td>pupil of the eye
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>砼<td>concrete (混凝土)
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>硐<td>grind
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>穜<td>early-planted late-ripening grain
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>童<td>surname Tong
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>童<td>child
<tr><td><td>[tǒng]<td>筒<td>tube/cylinder/to encase in sth cylindrical (such as hands in sleeves etc)
<tr><td><td>[tǒng]<td>統<td>to gather/to unite/to unify/whole
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>罿<td>bird net
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>茼<td>Chrysanthemum coronarium
<tr><td><td>[tōng]<td>蓪<td>Aralia papyrifera
<tr><td><td>[tōng]<td>通<td>to go through/to know well/(suffix) expert/to connect/to communicate/open/to clear/classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc
<tr><td><td>[tòng]<td>通<td>classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc)
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>酮<td>ketone
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>銅<td>copper (chemistry)/CL:塊
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>餇<td>food
<tr><td><td>[tóng]<td>鮦<td>snakefish
<tr class=selected><td>touting<td>[tou ting]<td>偷聽<td>to eavesdrop
<tr><td>touting<td>[tōu tīng]<td>偷聽<td>to eavesdrop/to monitor (secretly)
<tr class=selected><td>tuba<td>[tu ba]<td>土壩<td>earth dam
<tr><td>tuba<td>[tù bà]<td>兔爸<td>toolbar (in computer software) (loanword)
<tr><td><td>[tǔ bà]<td>土壩<td>earth dam/dam of earth and rocks (as opposed to waterproof dam of clay or concrete)
<tr class=selected><td>tun<td>[tun]<td>囤<td>hoard
<tr><td>tun<td>[tūn]<td>吞<td>to swallow/to take
<tr><td><td>[tūn]<td>啍<td>move slowly
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>囤<td>to store/hoard
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>屯<td>to station (soldiers)/to store up/village
<tr><td><td>[tūn]<td>旽<td>morning sun, sunrise
<tr><td><td>[tūn]<td>暾<td>sun above the horizon
<tr><td><td>[tǔn]<td>氽<td>to float/to deep-fry
<tr><td><td>[tūn]<td>涒<td>planet Jupiter/vomit
<tr><td><td>[tūn]<td>焞<td>bright/radiant
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>臀<td>butt/buttocks
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>芚<td>green sprout/foolish
<tr><td><td>[tùn]<td>褪<td>to slip out of sth/to hide sth in one's sleeve
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>豚<td>suckling pig
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>軘<td>war chariot
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>飩<td>Chinese ravioli
<tr><td><td>[tún]<td>魨<td>pufferfish (family Tetraodontidae)
<tr><td><td>[tūn]<td>黗<td>yellowish-black
<tr class=selected><td>tutu<td>[tu tu]<td>凸凸<td>convex on both sides (of lens)
<tr><td>tutu<td>[tū tū]<td>凸凸<td>convex on both sides (of lens)/biconvex
<tr><td><td>[tū tū]<td>突突<td>(onom.) beating of the heart/pitapat/pulsation of a machine
<tr class=selected><td>wadi<td>[wa di]<td>窪地<td>low-lying ground
<tr><td>wadi<td>[wā dì]<td>窪地<td>depression/low-lying ground
<tr class=selected><td>wan<td>[wan]<td>晚<td>evening
<tr><td>wan<td>[wán]<td>丸<td>ball/pellet/pill
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>刓<td>to trim
<tr><td><td>[wān]<td>剜<td>to scoop out/to gouge out
<tr><td><td>[wàn]<td>卍<td>swastika, a sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism
<tr><td><td>[wàn]<td>卐<td>swastika, a sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, later adopted by Nazi Germany
<tr><td><td>[wān]<td>壪<td>col/gully
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>娩<td>complaisant/agreeable
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>婉<td>graceful/tactful
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>完<td>to finish/to be over/whole/complete/entire
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>宛<td>surname Wan
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>宛<td>winding/as if
<tr><td><td>[wān]<td>彎<td>to bend/bent/a bend/a turn (in the road etc)
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>惋<td>to sigh in regret or pity
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>抏<td>to consume/to exhaust/to play
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>挽<td>to pull/to draw (a cart or a bow)/to roll up/to coil/to carry on the arm/to lament the dead/(fig.) to pull against/to recover
<tr><td><td>[wàn]<td>捥<td>to bend the wrist
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>晚<td>evening/night/late
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>汍<td>shed tears
<tr><td><td>[wān]<td>灣<td>bay/gulf/to cast anchor/to moor (a boat)
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>烷<td>alkane
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>玩<td>to play/to have fun/to trifle with/toy/sth used for amusement/to keep sth for entertainment
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>琬<td>ensign of royalty
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>畹<td>a field of 20 or 30 mu
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>皖<td>abbr. for Anhui Province 安徽省
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>碗<td>bowl/cup
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>紈<td>white/white silk
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>綰<td>bind up/string together
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>翫<td>Taiwan pr. [wan4]
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>脘<td>internal cavity of stomach
<tr><td><td>[wàn]<td>腕<td>wrist/(squid, starfish etc) arm
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>芄<td>Metaplexis stauntoni
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>莞<td>smile
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>菀<td>luxuriance of growth
<tr><td><td>[wàn]<td>萬<td>surname Wan
<tr><td><td>[wàn]<td>萬<td>ten thousand/a great number
<tr><td><td>[wān]<td>蜿<td>to move (as snake)
<tr><td><td>[wān]<td>豌<td>peas
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>踠<td>ankle/fetlock/bent/crooked
<tr><td><td>[wǎn]<td>輓<td>to draw (a cart)/to lament the dead
<tr><td><td>[wán]<td>頑<td>mischievous/obstinate/to play/stupid/stubborn/naughty
<tr class=selected><td>wane<td>[wan e]<td>萬惡<td>everything that is evil
<tr><td>wane<td>[wǎn é]<td>挽額<td>elegiac tablet
<tr><td><td>[wàn è]<td>萬惡<td>everything that is evil
<tr class=selected><td>wangling<td>[wang ling]<td>亡靈<td>departed spirit
<tr><td>wangling<td>[wáng líng]<td>亡靈<td>departed spirit
<tr class=selected><td>wanting<td>[wan ting]<td>烷烴<td>alkane
<tr><td>wanting<td>[wán tīng]<td>烷烴<td>alkane
<tr class=selected><td>wen<td>[wen]<td>蚊<td>mosquito
<tr><td>wen<td>[wěn]<td>刎<td>cut across (throat)
<tr><td><td>[wěn]<td>吻<td>kiss/to kiss/mouth
<tr><td><td>[wěn]<td>呡<td>the corners of the mouth/the lips
<tr><td><td>[wèn]<td>問<td>to ask
<tr><td><td>[wěn]<td>忞<td>disorderly/messy/chaotic
<tr><td><td>[wèn]<td>抆<td>to wipe
<tr><td><td>[wěn]<td>搵<td>to look for (Cantonese)/Mandarin equivalent: 找
<tr><td><td>[wèn]<td>搵<td>to press with one's fingers/to soak
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>文<td>surname Wen
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>文<td>language/culture/writing/formal/literary/gentle/(old) classifier for coins
<tr><td><td>[wèn]<td>汶<td>Wen River in northwest Sichuan (same as 汶川)/classical name of river in Shandong, used to refer to Qi 齊國
<tr><td><td>[wēn]<td>溫<td>surname Wen
<tr><td><td>[wēn]<td>溫<td>warm/lukewarm/temperature/to warm up/mild/soft/tender/to review (a lesson etc)/fever (TCM)
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>炆<td>(Cantonese) to simmer/to cook over a slow fire
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>玟<td>veins in jade
<tr><td><td>[wèn]<td>璺<td>a crack, as in porcelain
<tr><td><td>[wēn]<td>瘟<td>epidemic/pestilence/plague
<tr><td><td>[wěn]<td>穩<td>settled/steady/stable
<tr><td><td>[wěn]<td>紊<td>involved/tangled/disorderly/confused/chaotic
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>紋<td>line/trace/mark/pattern/grain (of wood etc)
<tr><td><td>[wèn]<td>絻<td>(old) mourning apparel
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>聞<td>surname Wen
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>聞<td>to hear/news/well-known/famous/reputation/fame/to smell/to sniff at
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>蚊<td>mosquito
<tr><td><td>[wēn]<td>豱<td>short-headed pig
<tr><td><td>[wēn]<td>轀<td>hearse
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>閺<td>to look down
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>閿<td>wen xiang, Henan province
<tr><td><td>[wén]<td>雯<td>multicolored clouds
<tr><td><td>[wēn]<td>鰮<td>sardine
<tr class=selected><td>wending<td>[wen ding]<td>穩定<td>stable
<tr><td>wending<td>[wèn dǐng]<td>問鼎<td>to aspire to the throne/to aim at (the first place etc)
<tr><td><td>[wěn dìng]<td>穩定<td>steady/stable/stability/to stabilize/to pacify
<tr class=selected><td>women<td>[wo men]<td>我們<td>us
<tr><td>women<td>[wǒ men]<td>我們<td>we/us/ourselves/our
<tr class=selected><td>ye<td>[ye]<td>爺<td>grandpa
<tr><td>ye<td>[yě]<td>也<td>surname Ye
<tr><td><td>[yě]<td>也<td>also/too/(in Classical Chinese) final particle implying affirmation
<tr><td><td>[yē]<td>倻<td>phonetic ya used in Korean names
<tr><td><td>[yě]<td>冶<td>to smelt/to cast/seductive in appearance
<tr><td><td>[yē]<td>吔<td>onomat. for surprise, amazement and sigh
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>咽<td>to choke (in crying)
<tr><td><td>[yě]<td>嘢<td>thing/matter (Cantonese)
<tr><td><td>[yē]<td>噎<td>to choke (on)/to choke up/to suffocate
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>夜<td>night
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>抴<td>to pull/to drag/to join together/oar
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>拽<td>to drag/to haul
<tr><td><td>[yē]<td>掖<td>to tuck (into a pocket)/to hide/to conceal
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>掖<td>to support by the arm/to help/to promote/at the side
<tr><td><td>[yé]<td>揶<td>to gesticulate/to play antics
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>擫<td>to press down
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>曄<td>bright light/to sparkle
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>曳<td>to drag/to pull
<tr><td><td>[yē]<td>椰<td>coconut palm
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>業<td>surname Ye
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>業<td>line of business/industry/occupation/job/employment/school studies/enterprise/property/(Buddhism) karma/deed/to engage in/already
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>殗<td>sickness/repeated
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>液<td>liquid/fluid
<tr><td><td>[yě]<td>漜<td>mud
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>煠<td>to fry in fat or oil/to scald
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>燁<td>blaze of fire/glorious
<tr><td><td>[yé]<td>爺<td>grandpa/old gentleman
<tr><td><td>[yé]<td>耶<td>interrogative particle (classical)
<tr><td><td>[ye]<td>耶<td>final particle indicating enthusiasm etc
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>腋<td>armpit/(biology) axilla/(botany) axil
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>葉<td>surname Ye
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>葉<td>leaf/page/lobe/(historical) period/classifier for small boats
<tr><td><td>[yē]<td>蠮<td>wasp of the family Sphecidae
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>謁<td>to visit (a superior)
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>鄴<td>surname Ye/ancient district in modern day Hebei Province 河北省
<tr><td><td>[yě]<td>野<td>field/plain/open space/limit/boundary/rude/feral
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>鍱<td>thin plates of metal
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>靨<td>dimple
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>頁<td>page/leaf
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>饁<td>to carry food to laborers in the field
<tr><td><td>[yè]<td>鵺<td>a kind of bird similar to pheasant
<tr class=selected><td>yeti<td>[ye ti]<td>液體<td>liquid
<tr><td>yeti<td>[yè tǐ]<td>液體<td>liquid
<tr class=selected><td>yo<td>[yo]<td>唷<td>final particle expressing exhortation, admiration etc
<tr><td>yo<td>[yō]<td>唷<td>(interjection expressing surprise) Oh!/My!
<tr><td><td>[yo]<td>唷<td>final particle expressing exhortation, admiration etc
<tr><td><td>[yō]<td>喲<td>Oh! (interjection indicating slight surprise)
<tr><td><td>[yo]<td>喲<td>(syllable filler in a song)
<tr class=selected><td>you<td>[you]<td>友<td>friend
<tr><td>you<td>[yòu]<td>佑<td>to assist/to protect
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>優<td>excellent/superior
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>冘<td>(bound form) mostly used in either 冘豫 or 冘疑
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>卣<td>wine container
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>又<td>(once) again/also/both... and.../and yet/(used for emphasis) anyway
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>友<td>friend
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>右<td>right (-hand)/the Right (politics)/west (old)
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>呦<td>Oh! (exclamation of dismay etc)
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>囿<td>park/to limit/be limited to
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>宥<td>to forgive/to help/profound
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>尤<td>surname You
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>尤<td>outstanding/particularly, especially/a fault/to express discontentment against
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>幼<td>young
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>幽<td>remote/hidden away/secluded/serene/peaceful/to imprison/in superstition indicates the underworld/ancient district spanning Liaonang and Hebei provinces
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>悠<td>long or drawn out/remote in time or space/leisurely/to swing/pensive/worried
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>憂<td>to worry/to concern oneself with/worried/anxiety/sorrow/(literary) to observe mourning
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>懮<td>grievous/relaxed
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>攸<td>distant, far/adverbial prefix
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>斿<td>scallops along lower edge of flag
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>有<td>to have/there is/there are/to exist/to be
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>柚<td>pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis)/shaddock/oriental grapefruit
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>楢<td>Quercus glandulifera
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>槱<td>ritual bonfire
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>櫌<td>harrow
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>油<td>oil/fat/grease/petroleum/to apply tung oil, paint or varnish/oily/greasy/glib/cunning
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>泑<td>the vitreous glaze on china, porcelain etc
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>游<td>surname You
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>游<td>to swim
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>牖<td>to enlighten/lattice window
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>猶<td>as if/(just) like/just as/still/yet
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>猷<td>to plan/to scheme
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>由<td>to follow/from/it is for...to/reason/cause/because of/due to/to/to leave it (to sb)/by (introduces passive verb)
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>疣<td>nodule/wart
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>祐<td>(of divinity) to bless/to protect
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>繇<td>cause/means
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>羑<td>to lead
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>耰<td>harrow
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>莠<td>Setaria viridis/vicious
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>蕕<td>Caryopteris divaricata
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>蚴<td>larva
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>蝣<td>Ephemera strigata
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>訧<td>fault/mistake
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>誘<td>to entice/to tempt
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>輶<td>light carriage/trifling
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>迶<td>to walk
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>逌<td>distant/joyous/satisfied
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>遊<td>to walk/to tour/to roam/to travel
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>郵<td>post (office)/mail
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>鄾<td>place name
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>酉<td>10th earthly branch: 5-7 p.m., 8th solar month (8th September-7th October), year of the Rooster/ancient Chinese compass point: 270° (west)
<tr><td><td>[yòu]<td>釉<td>glaze (of porcelain)
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>鈾<td>uranium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>銪<td>europium (chemistry)
<tr><td><td>[yóu]<td>魷<td>cuttlefish
<tr><td><td>[yōu]<td>麀<td>female deer/doe/female animal
<tr><td><td>[yǒu]<td>黝<td>black/dark green
<tr class=selected><td>yule<td>[yu le]<td>娛樂<td>to entertain
<tr><td>yule<td>[yú lè]<td>娛樂<td>to entertain/to amuse/entertainment/recreation/amusement/hobby/fun/joy
<tr class=selected><td>zeta<td>[ze ta]<td>澤塔<td>zeta (Greek letter Ζζ)
<tr><td>zeta<td>[zé tǎ]<td>澤塔<td>zeta (Greek letter Ζζ)
</table>
</div>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auChecking minidumps for memory corruptiontag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2018/07/memory-corruption2018-07-30T18:56:28+10:00
<h1>Checking minidumps for memory corruption</h1>
<p>Recently I was investigating some Firefox crashes that were occurring in the
style system, somewhere in Rust code. These were persistent, low frequency
crashes, being reported around 25 times per day. Our
<a href="https://crash-stats.mozilla.com/">crash report database</a>,
<code>crash-stats</code>, indexes
crashes by signature, which is the top one or more stack frames. From the
bug report, I could see that these crashes were all in the same function,
although the exact stack trace that led to calling this function varied
across crashes.</p>
<p>On a good day, looking at a crash report will reveal the bug without too
much effort. For example, it’s usually easy to see when a null pointer has
been dereferenced (the address being read or written will be somewhere
around <code>0x0</code>), and hopefully it’s obvious from looking at the
surrounding code whether a null pointer should have been guarded against.
On a bad day, you can spend hours working backwards from the crash, trying
to work out how the program ended up where it did.</p>
<p>These style system crashes made no sense to me. They were all crashing
at different places in the function. There were all sorts of crashes –
read and write access violations, illegal instructions, at all kinds of
addresses. After staring at a few crash reports and the corresponding
source code for some time, I decided instead to download one of the crash’s
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Debugging/Debugging_a_minidump">minidumps</a>
to see if it revealed anything more. Minidumps are files that contain
information about the crash, including the exception, the state of all the
registers, and, importantly some portions of memory from the crashing process.
Much of the information in a minidump is shown on the crash report server,
although privacy sensitive information is not shown. When Firefox crashes, the
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/Crash_reporting">crash
reporter</a> will capture a minidump and submit it to <code>crash-stats</code>.</p>
<h2>Using WinDbg</h2>
<p>Minidumps can be loaded into Windows debuggers like Visual Studio and
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinDbg">WinDbg</a>. If you have
correctly configured the debugger’s
<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Using_the_Mozilla_symbol_server">symbol
server path</a>, it can download debugging symbols to provide a readable
stack trace.</p>
<figure style="max-width: 930px">
<img src="/2018/07/windbg1.png" width="930" height="505" alt="Screen shot of WinDbg with a minidump open.">
<figcaption>WinDbg with a minidump open.</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Typing <code>.ecxr</code> into the WinDbg command window will show
information from the exception content record in the minidump.</p>
<pre><b>0:000> .ecxr</b>
eax=00000005 ebx=64a3033c ecx=00000004 edx=000098c9 esi=002eec58 edi=000098a7
eip=64a4175f esp=002ed908 ebp=002edf40 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na po nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=003b gs=0000 efl=00010202
xul!cssparser::parser::Parser::expect_exhausted+0x9f [inlined in xul!style::properties::LonghandId::parse_value+0xe2af]:
64a4175f 228b4424188b and cl,byte ptr [ebx-74E7DBBCh] ds:0023:efbb2780=??</pre>
<p>Here we can see the instruction that we crashed on, and it looks pretty odd.
We’re taking <code>ebx</code> as a pointer, indexing it with a very large
negative value, and trying to read a byte from that memory location. Given our
instruction pointer is <code>0x64a4175f</code>, the <code>ebx</code> value
looks like it is somewhere within code. The indexing sends us way off, wrapping
around the top of address space, where we have no memory mapped, and we
crash. What’s going on?</p>
<p>At this point, I remembered WinDbg’s
<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/-analyze"><code>!analyze</code>
command</a>, which does a bunch of automatic analysis of the current exception.
I don’t know what the full set of analyses this command does, but with this
crash it pinpointed the problem exactly:</p>
<pre><b>0:000> !analyze -v</b>
*******************************************************************************
* *
* Exception Analysis *
* *
*******************************************************************************
...
EXCEPTION_RECORD: (.exr -1)
ExceptionAddress: 64a4175f (xul!cssparser::parser::Parser::expect_exhausted+0x0000009f)
ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)
ExceptionFlags: 00000000
NumberParameters: 2
Parameter[0]: 00000000
Parameter[1]: efbb2780
Attempt to read from address efbb2780
...
CHKIMG_EXTENSION: !chkimg -lo 50 -d !xul
64a4175a - xul!style::properties::LonghandId::parse_value+e2aa
[ 89:a9 ]
1 error : !xul (64a4175a)
...
BUGCHECK_STR: APPLICATION_FAULT_INVALID_POINTER_READ_MEMORY_CORRUPTION_ONE_BIT
...
</pre>
<p>I chopped out a bunch of irrelevant output, but the interesting result
from <code>!analyze</code> is that it discovered memory corruption, and it
helpfully pointed out that it’s a single bit of corruption. It used the
<code>chkimg</code> extension (which can be invoked by itself with
<code>!chkimg</code>) to discover that the byte at <code>0x64a4175a</code> was
<code>0xa9</code> when it should have been <code>0x89</code>.</p>
<p>That corrupted byte is just a few bytes before the instruction that
we crashed on. The instructions that were actually executed were:</p>
<pre><b>0:000> u 64a4175a 64a41764</b>
xul!cssparser::parser::Parser::expect_exhausted+0x9a [z:\build\build\src\obj-firefox\toolkit\library\i686-pc-windows-msvc\release\build\style-25f47d697d295d08\out\properties.rs @ 38635] [inlined in xul!style::properties::LonghandId::parse_value+0xe2aa [z:\build\build\src\obj-firefox\toolkit\library\i686-pc-windows-msvc\release\build\style-25f47d697d295d08\out\properties.rs @ 38635]]:
64a4175a a94c2410eb test eax,0EB10244Ch
64a4175f 228b4424188b and cl,byte ptr [ebx-74E7DBBCh]</pre>
<p>To see what instructions we should have been executing, we can ask
<code>!chkimg</code> to fix the corruption:</p>
<pre><b>0:000> !chkimg -d -f !xul</b>
Warning: Any detected errors will be fixed to what we expect!
64a4175a - xul!style::properties::LonghandId::parse_value+e2aa
[ 89:a9 ]
1 error (fixed): !xul (64a4175a)
<b>0:000> u 64a4175a 64a41764</b>
xul!cssparser::parser::Parser::expect_exhausted+0x9a [z:\build\build\src\obj-firefox\toolkit\library\i686-pc-windows-msvc\release\build\style-25f47d697d295d08\out\properties.rs @ 38635] [inlined in xul!style::properties::LonghandId::parse_value+0xe2aa [z:\build\build\src\obj-firefox\toolkit\library\i686-pc-windows-msvc\release\build\style-25f47d697d295d08\out\properties.rs @ 38635]]:
64a4175a 894c2410 mov dword ptr [esp+10h],ecx
64a4175e eb22 jmp xul!style::properties::LonghandId::parse_value+0xe2d2 (64a41782)
64a41760 8b442418 mov eax,dword ptr [esp+18h]
64a41764 8b7c2420 mov edi,dword ptr [esp+20h]</pre>
<p>That one bit of corruption made a big difference!</p>
<p>But how is <code>!chkimg</code> able to find the corruption?
The crash reporter includes <code>0x400</code> bytes around the crashing
instruction in the minidump, which is how the debugger knows what was actually
executed. Both Microsoft’s and Mozilla’s symbol servers not only store debugging
symbols, but also the modules that the crashing process had loaded. Here, this
includes the <code>xul.dll</code> module we crashed in. The
<code>!chkimg</code> command downloads the modules from the symbol server and
compares their contents to the ranges of memory that are stored in the minidump,
including those <code>0x400</code> bytes.</p>
<p>Checking a number of other crash reports with the same signature, all had
memory corruption to some degree. Whether they were caused by bad RAM, bad
disk, or a
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray#Effect_on_electronics">passing
cosmic ray</a>, I don’t know, but I was able to conclude that this bug
didn’t need to be investigated further. I also learnt that before spending
too much time debugging a seemingly inexplicable crash report, I should
check for memory corruption first.</p>
<h2>If you’re not on Windows</h2>
<p>Ideally, this kind of analysis for memory corruption would be done by
the crash report processor, so that it could be shown on
<code>crash-stats</code>.
<a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1274628">Bug 1274628</a>
is open on this.</p>
<p>In the meantime, I thought it would be handy to have a cross-platform command
line tool to do it, since it’s not always convenient to boot up Windows to run
WinDbg. I wrote a small Rust program that reads a minidump, downloads binaries
from symbol servers, and performs the memory corruption check. (This was mostly
just a matter of hooking up some existing crates, like
<a href="https://crates.io/crates/pe">this Portable Executable parser</a> and
Ted Mielczarek’s <a href="https://crates.io/crates/minidump">minidump parser</a>,
and doing a few HTTP requests.)</p>
<pre><b>$ chkimg --symbol-cache=/tmp/symcache \
> --symbol-server=https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols \
> --symbol-server=https://symbols.mozilla.org/ \
> /tmp/some-minidump-file.dmp</b>
info: looking for xul.dll at https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols...
info: looking for xul.dll at https://symbols.mozilla.org/...
info: fetching xul.dl_ from https://symbols.mozilla.org/...
info: looking for ntdll.dll at https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols...
info: fetching ntdll.dll from https://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols...
crashing IP: 0x64a4175f
mismatch: 0x64a4175a .. 0x64a4175a (1 byte) in xul.dll
[ a9 ] should be [ 89 ]
mismatch: 0x64a418e2 .. 0x64a418e3 (2 bytes) in xul.dll
[ a7 64 ] should be [ 49 10 ]</pre>
<p>The output isn't as rich as WinDbg’s, and notably it doesn’t do any
disassembly to help you understand what the instructions were and should
have been, but you can at least see there is corruption close by to the
crashing instruction pointer.</p>
<p>If you have a Windows crash report you can’t make sense of, give it a
try.</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/heycam/chkimg">chkimg is available on GitHub.</a></p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auBacktag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2018/07/back2018-07-27T11:20:56+10:00
<h1>Back</h1>
<p>It’s been three and a half years since I last posted here!
What’s happened since then?</p>
<ul>
<li>In 2015, <a href="http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/1175568">my PhD
thesis</a> was accepted with minor revisions, and I finally graduated! 👨🏻🎓</li>
<li>In 2016, my partner and I moved to Taiwan, where I had an amazing
opportunity to become part of Mozilla’s Taipei Layout team. 🇹🇼</li>
<li>In 2017, we shipped the
<a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/08/inside-a-super-fast-css-engine-quantum-css-aka-stylo/">Quantum
CSS project</a>, a <a href="http://bholley.net/blog/2017/stylo.html">multi-year
effort</a> and by far the biggest and most impactful project I've worked
on at Mozilla. ⚛️</li>
<li>In 2018, I unfortunately had to leave my new home and head back to
Melbourne. 🇦🇺</li>
</ul>
<p>Since coming back, I’ve been serving as technical lead for the Firefox Layout
team, which really just means being a bit more involved, along with Maire and
our new Layout team manager <a href="https://sean.voisen.org/">Sean</a>, in
the team’s planning work. We’ve got a lot going on! It also means getting
back into standards work, and I had a great time meeting old friends and
colleagues at the CSS Working Group’s meeting last month in Sydney.</p>
<p>And since I wanted to start posting here again, I took the opportunity to
revamp my blog. Gone are the comments and the WordPress backend. Now it’s a
simple set of statically served pages. It’s 2018 and my site is built with a
Makefile and some Perl scripts but I regret nothing. 😃</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auSubmissiontag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2014/12/submission2014-12-16T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>Submission</h1>
<p>254 pages, eleven and a half years of my life.</p>
<p><img src="/2014/submission.jpg" alt="Me submitting my thesis at the Monash Institute of Graduate Research office." width="1260" height="1085" style="width: 560px; height: 482px; border: 2px solid #444"></p>
<p><img src="/2014/thesis.jpg" alt="My thesis front cover: Authoring and Publishing Adaptive Diagrams." width="703" height="819" style="width: 560px; height: 652px; border: 2px solid #444"></p>
<p>Now for the months-long wait for the examiners to review it.</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auUsing LLDB to debug Geckotag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2014/01/lldb-gecko2014-01-21T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>Using LLDB to debug Gecko</h1>
<p>On OS X 10.9, the Xcode command line utilities package no longer includes GDB. Instead, <a href="http://lldb.llvm.org/" title="LLDB Homepage">LLDB</a> – the debugger from the LLVM project – is the officially supported debugger. LLDB’s syntax is a little different from GDB’s, but it doesn’t take too long to get used to. The LLDB site has <a href="http://lldb.llvm.org/lldb-gdb.html" title="GDB to LLDB Command Map">a handy table</a> showing the equivalent LLDB commands for a number of common GDB commands.</p>
<p>One barrier to switching, for me, was that I have a few GDB commands defined in my .gdbinit file that I use for debugging Firefox. Most of my .gdbinit was cribbed from Boris Zbarsky’s a few years ago, but nowadays there is a .gdbinit file in the tree. So over the last couple of days I’ve ported the commands over to a <a href="https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/mozilla-inbound/file/tip/.lldbinit">.lldbinit file in the tree</a>.</p>
<p>LLDB uses Python as its scripting language, and most of the commands that have been ported over are written in Python. The .lldbinit file imports the <code>lldbutils</code> module, which lives in <a href="https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/mozilla-inbound/file/tip/python/lldbutils/">python/lldbutils/</a>. The <a href="https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/mozilla-inbound/raw-file/tip/python/lldbutils/README.txt">README.txt</a> file in there documents all of the currently supported Gecko-specific functionality.</p>
<p>For example, the <code>prefcnt</code> command can be used to show the refcount of an object. Unlike the one in .gdbinit, the LLDB version of this command can take an argument that is a reference to a refcounted object, a pointer to one or one of our smart pointers to one:</p>
<pre>(lldb) <b>p this</b>
(nsHTMLDocument *) $1 = 0x0000000116e9d800
(lldb) <b>prefcnt this</b>
20
(lldb) <b>p mDocumentURI</b>
(nsCOMPtr<nsIURI>) $3 = {
mRawPtr = 0x0000000117163e50
}
(lldb) <b>prefcnt mDocumentURI</b>
11</pre>
<p>In addition to a few commands, I’ve added a couple of <em>type summaries</em> to begin with. In LLDB, a type summary is a rule for how to display a value. This is useful for types like our string types, where you otherwise have to bury in to find the right member variable to get the string out. With the <code>nsAString</code> and <code>nsACString</code> type summaries, you can just print the string object and the string value in it will be shown.</p>
<pre>(lldb) <b>frame info</b>
frame #0: 0x000000010400cfea XUL`nsCSSParser::ParseProperty(this=0x00007fff5fbf5248, aPropID=eCSSProperty_margin_top, aPropValue=0x00007fff5fbf53f8, aSheetURI=0x0000000115ae8c00, aBaseURI=0x0000000115ae8c00, aSheetPrincipal=0x000000010ff9e040, aDeclaration=0x00000001826fd580, aChanged=0x00007fff5fbf5247, aIsImportant=false, aIsSVGMode=false) + 74 at nsCSSParser.cpp:12851
(lldb) <b>p aPropValue</b>
(const nsAString_internal) $16 = u"-25px"
(lldb) <b>p this</b>
(nsHTMLDocument *) $18 = 0x0000000115b56000
(lldb) <b>p mContentType</b>
(nsCString) $19 = {
nsACString_internal = "text/html"
}</pre>
<p>LLDB also provides the ability to define <em>synthetic children</em> for a type, which are fake member variables. They can be used to expose the elements of container data structures. For example, synthetic children for <code>nsTArray</code> and friends now let you inspect the array as if it were a plain array type, instead of just seeing an <code>mHdr</code> member:</p>
<pre>(lldb) <b>frame info</b>
frame #0: 0x00000001043eb8a8 XUL`SVGTextFrame::DoGlyphPositioning(this=0x000000012f3f8778) + 248 at SVGTextFrame.cpp:4940
(lldb) <b>p charPositions</b>
(nsTArray<nsPoint>) $5 = {
[0] = {
mozilla::gfx::BasePoint<int, nsPoint> = {
x = 0
y = 816
}
}
[1] = {
mozilla::gfx::BasePoint<int, nsPoint> = {
x = 426
y = 816
}
}
[2] = {
mozilla::gfx::BasePoint<int, nsPoint> = {
x = 906
y = 816
}
}
}</pre>
<p>(The <code>nsPoint</code> type looks like it could do with type summary to make it more compact, though!)</p>
<h2>Loading the .lldbinit</h2>
<p>LLDB by default looks in two places to load a .lldbinit file: the current directory when you start it, and your home directory. In addition to the .lldbinit in the root of the source tree (which is where I normally launch my debugger from), the build system puts stub .lldbinit files in your objdir, so that commands like <code>mach reftest --debugger=lldb</code> will pick it up, and next to the final firefox (or other application) binary, in case that’s where you start the debugger from. These stub files just load the main .lldbinit.</p>
<p>So if you are running lldb yourself or through mach, you shouldn’t need to do anything extra to load the in-tree .lldbinit.</p>
<h2>Loading it in Xcode</h2>
<p>Although the .lldbinit file works fine in Xcode, there is unfortunately no way to add a project-specific .lldbinit file in Xcode that will get loaded automatically. Probably the best approach is to load it from your ~/.lldbinit. If you are happy with the Gecko debugging commands being available regardless of what you’re debugging with LLDB, then add these lines:</p>
<pre>script topsrcdir = "/path/to/a/mozilla/tree"
command source -s true "/path/to/a/mozilla/tree/.lldbinit"</pre>
<p>where “/path/to/a/mozilla/tree” is any checkout of mozilla-central you’re likely to keep up to date. The <code>topsrcdir</code> Python variable is used to tell the in-tree .lldbinit where the <code>lldbutils</code> module can be found.</p>
<p>If instead you want to manually enable the commands within Xcode whenever you want to use them, you could make the <code>command source</code> an alias:</p>
<pre>script topsrcdir = "/path/to/a/mozilla/tree"
command alias gk command source -s true "/path/to/a/mozilla/tree/.lldbinit"</pre>
<p>and then you can type <code>gk</code> at the LLDB prompt in the Xcode debugger window to load it.</p>
<p>In addition to the Gecko debugging commands being available, type summaries and synthetic children will be used whereever values are shown in the Xcode interface, like the Variables panel of the Debug area or when mousing over variables in a source file while debugging.</p>
<p><img class="figure" src="/2014/variables.png" width="367" height="216" alt="The Xcode Variables area showing a nsTextNode object with its type summary, the string value of the node."></p>
<p>See how the <code>mContent</code> of the <code>nsTextFrame</code>, which is an <code>nsTextNode</code>, has its type summary displayed next to its pointer value.</p>
<p><img class="figure" src="/2014/synthetic.png" width="367" height="163" alt="The Xcode Variables area showing the elements of an nsTArray."></p>
<p>Here the elements of the <code>nsTArray<nsPoint></code> are shown and can be expanded as if they were plain array elements.</p>
<h2>What’s available now?</h2>
<p>So far these commands are available:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>frametree</b> (<b>ft</b>), <b>frametreelimited</b> (<b>ftl</b>)<br />
These commands dump out information about the layout frame tree. The “limited” version dumps a subtree, rather than the tree for the whole document.</li>
<li><b>js</b><br />
Prints a backtrace of the current JS stack.</li>
<li><b>prefcnt</b><br />
Prints the refcount of a refcounted object.</li>
<li><b>pstate</b><br />
Prints the state bits of an nsIFrame in symbolic form, rather than as a uint64_t <em>(once <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=960848" title="Bug 960848 - make nsFrameState an enum and consolidate all frame state bit definitions in a single preprocessed file">bug 960848</a> relands)</em>.</li>
<li><b>ptag</b><br />
Prints the tag name of a given nsINode.</li>
</ul>
<p>These types have type summaries:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>nsAString</b>, <b>nsACString</b><br />
Shows the contents of the string.</li>
<li><b>nsIAtom</b><br />
Shows the atom’s string.</li>
<li><b>nsTextNode</b><br />
Shows the text node’s string value.</li>
</ul>
<p>And the only type to have synthetic children so far is <code>nsTArray</code>, as mentioned above.</p>
<p>Check <a href="https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/mozilla-inbound/raw-file/tip/python/lldbutils/README.txt">the README file</a> for examples and more information.</p>
<h2>Let’s add more!</h2>
<p>If you have any GDB commands that you’d like to see ported over to LLDB, or have ideas for other useful commands and type summaries, <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Core&component=General&cc=cam@mcc.id.au">file a bug CCing me</a> and I’ll see what I can do!</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auCSS Variables in Firefox 29tag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2013/12/variables2013-12-14T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>CSS Variables in Firefox 29</h1>
<p>One of the most frequent requests to the CSS Working Group over the years has been to have some kind of support for declaring and using variables in style sheets. After much discussion, the <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-variables">CSS Custom Properties for Cascading Variables</a> specification took the approach of allowing the author to specify custom properties in style rules that cascade and inherit as other inherited properties do. References to variables can be made in property values using the <code>var()</code> functional syntax.</p>
<p>Custom properties that declare variables all must be named beginning with <code>var-</code>. The value of these custom properties is nearly freeform. They can take nearly any stream of tokens, as long as it is balanced.</p>
<p>For example, an author might declare some common values on a style rule that matches the root element, so that they are available on every element in the document:</p>
<pre>:root {
var-theme-colour-1: #009EE0; <span style="border-radius: 8px; width: 8px; height: 8px; background-color: #009EE0; border: 1px solid black; display: inline-block;"></span>
var-theme-colour-2: #FFED00; <span style="border-radius: 8px; width: 8px; height: 8px; background-color: #FFED00; border: 1px solid black; display: inline-block;"></span>
var-theme-colour-3: #E2007A; <span style="border-radius: 8px; width: 8px; height: 8px; background-color: #E2007A; border: 1px solid black; display: inline-block;"></span>
var-spacing: 24px;
}</pre>
<p>Variables can be referenced at any position within the value of another property, including other custom properties. The variables in the style sheet above can be used, for example, as follows:</p>
<pre>h1, h2 {
color: <em>var(theme-colour-1)</em>;
}
h1, h2, p {
margin-top: <em>var(spacing)</em>;
}
em {
background-color: <em>var(theme-colour-2)</em>;
}
blockquote {
margin: <em>var(spacing)</em> calc(<em>var(spacing)</em> * 2);
padding: calc(<em>var(spacing)</em> / 2) 0;
border-top: 2px solid <em>var(theme-colour-3)</em>;
border-bottom: 1px dotted <em>var(theme-colour-3)</em>;
font-style: italic;
}</pre>
<p>When applied to this document:</p>
<pre><!DOCTYPE html>
<h1>The title of the document</h1>
<h2>A witty subtitle</h2>
<p><em>Please</em> consider the following quote:</p>
<blockquote>Text of the quote goes here.</blockquote></pre>
<p>the result would be something that looks like this:</p>
<div id="example" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 32px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ccc; font-size: 16px;">
<div style="margin-top: 24px; color: #009EE0; font-weight: bold; font-size: 24px">The title of the document</div>
<div style="margin-top: 24px; color: #009EE0; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px">A witty subtitle</div>
<div style="margin-top: 24px"><span style="background-color: #FFED00; font-style: italic">Please</span> consider the following quote:</div>
<div style="margin: 24px 48px; padding: 12px 0; border-top: 2px solid #E2007A; border-bottom: 1px dotted #E2007A; font-style: italic">Text of the quote goes here.</div>
</div>
<p>Variables are resolved based on the value of the variable on the element that the property with a variable reference is applied to. If the <code>h2</code> element had a <code>style="var-theme-colour-1: black"</code> attribute on it, then the <code>h2 { color: var(theme-colour-1); }</code> rule would be resolved using that value rather than the one specified in the <code>:root</code> rule.</p>
<p>Variable references can also include fallback to use in case the variable is not defined or is invalid (due to being part of a variable reference cycle). The first rule in the style sheet using the variables could be rewritten as:</p>
<pre>h1, h2 {
color: var(theme-colour-1, rgb(14, 14, 14));
}</pre>
<p>which would result in the colour being a dark grey if the <code>theme-colour-1</code> variable is not defined on one of the heading elements.</p>
<p>Since variable references are expanded using the variable value on the element, this process must be done while determining the computed value of a property. Whenever there is an error during the variable substitution process, it causes the property to be “invalid at computed-value time”. These errors can be due to referencing an undeclared variable with no fallback, or because the substituted value for the property does not parse (e.g. if we assigned a non-colour value to the <code>theme-colour-1</code> variable and then used that variable in the ‘color’ property). When a property is invalid at computed-value time, the property declaration itself is parsed successfully and will be visible if you inspect the <code>CSSStyleDeclaration</code> object in the DOM. The computed value of the property will take on a default value, however. For inherited properties, like ‘color’, the default value will be ‘inherit’. For non-inherited properties, it is ‘initial’.</p>
<h2>Implementation</h2>
<p>An initial implementation of CSS Variables has just landed in Firefox Nightly, which is currently at version 29. The feature is not yet enabled for release builds (that is, Firefox Beta and the release version of Firefox), as we are waiting for a few issues to be resolved in the specification and for it to advance a little further in the W3C Process before making it more widely available. It will however continue to be available in Nightly and, after the February 3 merge, in Firefox Aurora.</p>
<p>The only part of the specification that has not yet been implemented is the <code>CSSVariableMap</code> part, which provides an object that behaves like an ECMAScript <code>Map</code>, with <code>get</code>, <code>set</code> and other methods, to get the values of variables on a <code>CSSStyleDeclaration</code>. Note however that you can still get at them in the DOM by using the <code>getPropertyValue</code> and <code>setProperty</code> methods, as long as you use the full property names such as <code>"var-theme-colour-1"</code>.</p>
<p>The work for this feature was done in <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=773296">bug 773296</a>, and my thanks to <a href="http://dbaron.org/">David Baron</a> for doing the reviews there and to <a href="https://twitter.com/ebassi">Emmanuele Bassi</a> who did some initial work on the implementation. If you encounter any problems using the feature, please <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Core&component=CSS%20Parsing%20and%20Computation&cc=cam@mcc.id.au&blocked=773296">file a bug</a>!</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auResetting styles using ‘all: unset’ in Firefox 27tag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2013/10/all-unset2013-10-09T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>Resetting styles using ‘all: unset’ in Firefox 27</h1>
<p>Some web developers like to use <em>reset style sheets</em>, which are style sheets that set all properties back to some known value on all elements. Although this does somewhat work against the “cascading” part of CSS, developers find it useful to avoid differences that come from user agent style sheets in different browsers and on different platforms. Since reset style sheets explicitly list all of the properties and what value to set them back to, their use can result in unexpected styling when browsers begin to support new properties that the reset style sheets do not include.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-3/" title="CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 3">CSS Cascading and Inheritance</a> specification adds a new shorthand named <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-3/#all-shorthand" title="Resetting All Properties: the ‘all’ property">‘all’</a> that can be used in conjunction with a new CSS-wide keyword <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css-cascade-3/#inherit-initial" title="Erasing All Declarations: the ‘unset’ keyword">‘unset’</a>. These can be used to the same effect as a reset style sheet. ‘all’ is a shorthand property that is considered to have all properties that a user agent supports – except for ‘direction’ and ‘unicode-bidi’ – as component longhands. ‘unset’ is a value that means the same as ‘inherit’, if used as the value of an inherited property, or the same as ‘initial’, if used as the value of a non-inherited property.</p>
<p>The effect of ‘unset’ is that it effectively removes any earlier matching declarations for that property at the same origin and with the same or lower specificity, and any matching declarations at all from earlier origins, while still respecting the precedence of <code>!important</code> declarations. For example, in the following document, the ‘all: unset’ declaration is equivalent to ‘background-color: initial; color: inherit; display: initial; margin-top: initial; margin-left: initial; font-style: inherit; …’:</p>
<pre class="code"><!DOCTYPE html>
<style>
blockquote { background-color: skyblue; }
#quote { color: red; }
<em>blockquote { all: unset; }</em>
blockquote { font-style: italic; }
</style>
<blockquote id="quote">The blade itself incites to deeds of violence.</blockquote></pre>
<p>In a user agent that does not yet implement ‘all: unset’, the document would be rendered like this:</p>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-left: 32px; border: 1px solid #ccc; font: 16px serif;">
<blockquote style="background-color: skyblue; color: red; font-style: italic">The blade itself incites to deeds of violence.</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p>and in a user agent that does implement it, like this:</p>
<div style="background-color: white; margin-left: 32px; border: 1px solid #ccc; font: 16px serif;">
<blockquote style="all: unset; display: inline; margin: 0; color: red; font-style: italic">The blade itself incites to deeds of violence.</p></blockquote>
</div>
<p><i>(If you’re reading this in a feed reader that has other styles applied, and in a browser that does not yet implement ‘all: inherit’, the renderings above might not look exactly right.)</i></p>
<p>The quote is rendered with red, italic text, but without its typical margins, which come from the user agent style sheet. The ‘all’ declaration wins over the ‘background-color: skyblue’ declaration, which has the same origin and specificity, while the ‘color: red’ declaration wins due to its higher specificity.</p>
<p>One thing to be aware of is that the initial value of the ‘display’ property is ‘inline’, which is different from the ‘block’ that would be set on <code>blockquote</code> elements in the user agent style sheet. If we had two consecutive <code>blockquote</code> elements, they would be shown in the one run of inline text, as if they were <code>span</code>s.</p>
<p>Although the ‘all’ shorthand would typically be used with the ‘unset’ value, the other CSS-wide values ‘inherit’ and ‘initial’ can be used with it, and ‘unset’ can also be used on any other individual property.</p>
<p>Bugs <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=842329" title="Bug 842329 – [css3-cascade] implement the 'all' shorthand">842329</a> and <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=921731" title='Bug 921731 – implement the "unset" value from CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 3'>921731</a> landed in Firefox Nightly builds a couple of days ago, and will therefore be available in Firefox 27.</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auMore SVG text newstag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2013/07/more-svg-text-news2013-07-09T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>More SVG text news</h1>
<p>A couple of notes subsequent to my <a href="/blog/2013/07/firefox-svg-text-improvements">last post</a> about Firefox Nightly’s SVG text improvements.</p>
<p>First, Robert Longson pointed out to me that there were a couple more features that SVG text now supports since the rewrite landed:</p>
<ul>
<li>You can use ‘font-variant: small-caps’.</li>
<li>SVG text can be copied to the clipboard with Cmd/Ctrl+C once selected.</li>
<li>SVG DOM methods for selecting text – selectSubString and deselectAll – are now implemented.</li>
</ul>
<p>Second, the latest Firefox Nightly (2013-07-08) now supports the <code>textLength=""</code> and <code>lengthAdjust=""</code> attributes on the <code><text></code> element (but not yet on child text content elements). These attributes are useful if, for example, you have some text in a diagram that you want to ensure does not run over some other elements, which might happen if the font used is not present on the client, or if text layout resulted in a total text width different from what the author expected.</p>
<p>You can see the effect of using <code>textLength="..." lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"</code> in this example:</p>
<div style="text-align: center"><iframe src="/2013/textLength.svg" width="280" height="100" style="border: none;"></iframe></div>
<p>If you mouse over the ellipses, the text is changed to use a monospaced font. This would normally make the text wider than the ellipse, but the use of <code>lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"</code> scales the text so that it retains its specified width.</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.auImproved SVG text support in Firefox Nightlytag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2013/07/firefox-svg-text-improvements2013-07-01T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>Improved SVG text support in Firefox Nightly</h1>
<p>On the weekend, I landed the final patch in what turned out to be quite a long running project to overhaul Firefox’s SVG text support to reuse the same text layout and rendering code that it uses for HTML. Much of the work was done in <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=655877" title="Bug 655877 – SVG text should use CSS text frames to gain support for various text layout features">bug 655877</a>, which ended up being a series of 50 patches<sup>(!)</sup>, with about 40 followup bugs to get the code into shape so that it could be turned on by default.</p>
<p>Improvements resulting from this work include the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>The ‘<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-decoration">text-decoration</a>’ property is now honoured, so underlines, strike-throughs and overlines are painted.</li>
<li>Searching for text on a page will now search through and highlight SVG text.</li>
<li>Text can be selected with the mouse.</li>
<li>Layout of bidirectional text when there are multiple child nodes of a <code><text></code> element is now correct.</li>
<li>The ‘<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/white-space">white-space</a>’ property now applies to SVG text. In the future, in SVG 2, ‘white-space’ will be recommended method to control white space handling rather than <code>xml:space=""</code>. ‘white-space’ can be used to render manually wrapped text when using the <code>pre</code> and <code>pre-line</code> values. ‘<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/line-height">line-height</a>’ is used to determine the spacing between lines.</li>
<li>Various <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-fonts/">CSS3 Font properties</a>, including the new ‘font-variant’ related properties to turn on and off OpenType features, now apply to SVG text.</li>
<li>The <code>:first-letter</code> and <code>:first-line</code> pseudo-elements now apply to SVG text.</li>
</ul>
<p>If you work with SVG content, please download the latest <a href="http://nightly.mozilla.org/">Firefox Nightly</a> and test out the new functionality, and if you encounter any issues, please do <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Core&component=SVG&cc=cam@mcc.id.au&blocked=839955">file a bug</a>.</p>
<p>My thanks to roc, jwatt, longsonr, bz and dbaron for their help and reviews!</p>
<hr />
<p><b>Update 3 July 2013:</b> Here is a <a href="/2013/text.html">page demonstrating these features</a>.</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.au@supports enabled by default for Firefox 22tag:mcc.id.au,2018:blog/2013/04/supports-enabled-by-default2013-04-02T00:00:00+10:00
<h1>@supports enabled by default for Firefox 22</h1>
<p>The CSS Working Group is planning to publish the <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-conditional/">CSS Conditional Rules Module</a> as a Candidate Recommendation soon. As a result, David Baron has <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=855455">landed a patch</a> that enables the <a href="/blog/2012/08/supports"><code>@supports</code> rule</a> and the <a href="/blog/2012/12/css-supports-api"><code>CSS.supports()</code> API</a> by default for Firefox 22, which is scheduled to hit Release some time in May.</p>
Cameron McCormackcam@mcc.id.au